Rogue Waves

As most Americans have likely seen on videos by now, a rogue wave struck the coast of Ventura, California, this week, injuring 8 persons and flooding the neighborhood.  Though such waves have been reported for centuries, they were not documented until the mid 1980s.

Defined as a wave that is at least twice the height of surrounding waves, the cause for this destructive, natural phenomenon remains controversial.  Most oceanologists point to a merging of waves with the transfer of energy to a single wave, induced by a complex interaction of surface winds and ocean currents.  One confusing observation is that rogue waves often move against or across the direction of the prevailing wind.

Predicting this phenomenon is currently beyond our ability, just another reason that beachcombers, seafarers and coastal residents must respect the power of the sea.  Whether climate change will augment the formation of these waves is unknown but it seems to be energizing most other weather-related catastrophes. 

Thoughts on the Southern Border

While Donald Trump demonizes immigrants, President Biden and his Administration have failed to effectively deal with the flood of immigrants from South and Central America.  Indeed, it appears to be the most significant threat to his re-election.  It is time that efforts to deal with this issue be intensified and publicized; of course, Republicans are unlikely to cooperate.

The participation of Mexico in the solution will be crucial; though meetings with the Mexican President are scheduled for this week, that country must be "strongly encouraged" to play a more effective role.  Within our country, border facilities and personnel should be greatly expanded and, for those immigrants who qualify to remain in the U.S., a more robust distribution system, involving all American cities, should be established.

Most importantly, President Biden needs to speak to the American people and lay out his plan.  In addition, he should visit the border, speaking with the Governors, immigration officials and patrol agents; press should be invited and televised conferences should be held.  There is currently no more important issue when it comes to his re-election (or to the election of another Democratic candidate).  This issue must be taken away from the Republicans. 

Seabird Convention

Whitney Beach, which stretches along the northwestern edge of Longboat Key, is certainly one of the best birding locations in Manatee County.  Today, it hosted a seabird convention.

Arriving at noon, I encountered hundreds of red knots, black skimmers and royal terns, with lesser but significant numbers of Sandwich terns, Forster's terns, laughing gulls, ring-billed gulls, willets, black-bellied plovers and sanderlings.  These birds had gathered along a 50-yard stretch of the beach, relatively unfazed by the humans that wandered past.  They readily posed for photos and paid no attention to the brown pelicans, cormorants and ospreys that flew overhead.

Their relative passivity may have been partly in response to the sea fog that was drifting in from the Gulf of Mexico; visibility for fishing and scavenging was rapidly declining.  Whatever the reason, their massive congregation was a sight to behold. 

Christmas Morning Visitors

On this cool, gray, rainy morning in South Florida, we had three unexpected Christmas visitors.  They were bottlenose dolphins.

Cavorting about in Sarasota Bay, just 20 yards from our condo, the trio seemed to be celebrating the Holiday themselves.  These intelligent creatures always give me the impression that they know we are watching and intend to send a message, perhaps (I often think) about their relative degree of freedom.

Less interactive and far more tranquil were American white pelicans, drifting slowly past the mangroves in parade formation.  Joy and peace on this Christmas Day! 

Barred Owl on Longboat Key

About 5 AM, I was awakened by the distinctive hooting of a barred owl outside our condo on Longboat Key, Florida.  It was my first encounter with this species on the island since we started visiting, twenty years ago.

While barred owls are common in wooded swamps and wetlands (especially in the South), one does not generally associate them with mangroves and palm trees; other than the invasive Australian pines, trees on Longboat Key are mostly limited to those planted in yards and condo developments.  Of course, there are mice, birds and lizards to prey on and barred owls have been known to eat crabs as well.

Perhaps this morning's encounter would not be considered unusual by local birders but it was a pleasant surprise for me.  After all, we humans each have our own definition of "rare" events, based almost exclusively on our personal experience. 

Return to Celery Fields

This morning, we returned to Celery Fields in Sarasota, Florida.  A natural landscape utilized for storm water control, the lakes, marshes, canals and sloughs attract a wide variety of water birds and other wildlife.  Among the species encountered today were American purple gallinules (photo by Darcy Folzenlogen); anhingas, glossy ibis and palm warblers were especially abundant.  I also saw my first gray-headed swamp hens, natives of Southeast Asia that were introduced to South Florida in the mid 1990's and are now threatening the welfare of local wetland ecosystems.

My post from December, 2013, offers a more complete description of this fascinating preserve.

See: Limpkins at Celery Fields   

Gull Thievery

A large flock of red-breasted mergansers have been fishing on Sarasota Bay near our condo.  One or two ring-billed gulls usually join them.

Of course, the gulls are not merely offering their companionship.  Rather, they hope to steal fish that the mergansers bring to the surface.  I have witnessed similar gull thievery involving pelicans, terns and cormorants, among other seabirds.  One must respect their ingenuity.

We humans tend to despise such behavior but nature is not fair.  Indeed, many species, including our own, often feed on the accomplishments of others. 

Flashback Post XLVI

Icelandic volcanism is back in the news due to current eruptions on that island.  The geologic/tectonic cause for this volcanic activity was discussed in a post back in March of 2010.

See: Iceland & Rift Volcanism 

Wolves return to Colorado

Five gray wolves, the first of the reintroduction program approved by voters in 2020, were released in the Colorado Rockies this week; a second group is expected to be released within the next few months.

Like every other event in America these days, wolf reintroduction is a political issue, favored by conservationists (mostly Democratic) and opposed by ranchers (mostly Republican).  Ranchers will be compensated for any livestock kills but Colorado's elk population, the largest in the country, will likely be the primary target of these predators; as one might expect, elk hunters (mostly Republican) resent that competition.

Republican Administrations in Idaho, Montana and Wyoming would not cooperate with the program and the first transplanted wolves were thus captured in Oregon (a Blue State).  Protecting natural habitat and restoring ecosystems will always be politicized.  Those who care about these issues must therefore vote accordingly. 

Southern Discomfort

I enjoy occasional escapes to America's Deep South, especially during the winter months.  The weather is usually pleasant and the natural ecosystems are always fascinating.

But, over the past few years, I have had second thoughts about these adventures, reluctant to offer any personal support to this swath of Red States.  While the residents almost always manifest the southern hospitality that we have come to expect, the regional politics, apparently supported by the majority, are offensive at best.  Even today, human rights, educational freedom, and voting access are under attack.

Of course, this intolerance may not be condoned by many (perhaps most) citizens of the South but their elected representatives seem to suggest otherwise.  On the positive side, I have yet to encounter any book burnings.  Vote Democratic! 

Air Show over Sarasota Bay

Though our recent storm system has moved up to New England, a strong north wind continues to rake Sarasota Bay.  Rather than retreating from this steady onslaught, many local seabirds seem to enjoy the conditions.

Royal and sandwich terns, hovering into the wind, repeatedly dove for fish while ospreys circled above the waves before plunging for their meal.  Masters of the air, brown pelicans soared about in the turbulent atmosphere though their white cousins, which feed from the surface, gathered in protected inlets.  Double-crested cormorants and white ibis made rapid sorties across the bay and a flock of tree swallows, down for the winter, skimmed the waves in search of insects.  Other air show participants included turkey vultures, ring-billed gulls and, surprisingly, large flocks of rock pigeons.

Once the windy conditions subside and low tide exposes mudflats, a variety of waders will dominate the scene and many of the aerialists will favor the Gulf side of Longboat Key.  Indeed, shifting winds and tides dictate the Bay's bird population on any given day. 

Attack on the Beach

This morning, my wife and I walked over to the beach to observe the angry Gulf.  Since last night's storm was moving up the Eastern Seaboard, its backside, northwest winds were raking the West Coast of Florida.

Except for one daring windsurfer, beachgoers were trudging along the flattened beach, our faces turned down to avoid the blowing sand.  Undeterred, a large flock of sanderlings raced in front of the crashing waves, grabbing morsels of food before they washed out of sight.  Watching them, likely from the top of a condo tower, was a merlin, a small, aggressive falcon; swooping at high speed toward the flock, it attempted to snare one of the shorebirds as the startled flock burst into flight, circling out over the turbulent sea.

The effort having failed, the merlin flew on down the coast, surely watching for another flock to attack.  No doubt, it had breakfast before we left the beach. 

Into a Maelstrom

Returning to our Longboat Key condo for the Holidays, we arrived in concert with a potent storm system, moving in from the Gulf of Mexico.  Rain and a steady east wind are preceding the center of circulation and we expect heavier rain, stronger winds and thunderstorms as the storm makes landfall.  A tornado watch is also in effect.

While we are almost a month past the Atlantic Hurricane Season, tropical storms may yet develop; indeed, as our climate warms, the Season will surely expand to a year-long threat in Tropical and Subtropical latitudes.

Our walks and my birding excursions will have to wait for now though I have already observed an anhinga crossing Sarasota Bay.  More on my sightings and musings over the next two weeks.

Valley of the Raptors

The Lower Bonne Femme Creek Valley, southwest of Columbia, is one of my favored local birding areas.  It is also, in my experience, one of the best locations to observe raptors in this region.

Bisected by the creek and its tributaries, the valley is bounded by forested hills and quilted with farm fields, pastures and riparian woodlands.  Turkey vultures, red-tails and red-shouldered hawks are common there and bald eagles are frequent visitors, especially along the Missouri River into which Bonne Femme Creek drains.  American kestrels hunt across the fields while sharp-shinned hawks, Cooper's hawks and merlins are attracted by the seasonal flocks of songbirds.  Peregrine falcons are also occasional visitors, perching along the river during spring and fall migrations.

Though I seldom visit the Valley at dawn or dusk, I have no doubt that great horned and barred owls also hunt along the pastures and crop fields.  Someday, I'll make the effort to confirm that conviction.

Climate Summit Chokes on Oil

The 2023 United Nations Climate Summit, known as COP28, has failed to deal with fossil fuel use, the cause of global warming.  Held in the UAE, a major oil producer, it never seriously addressed the proverbial "Elephant in the Room."

But it was a good show.  A chance for industrial companies from across the globe to demonstrate their commitment to fighting climate change; lots of money was raised.  Participants surely enjoyed the experience despite the lack of significant progress.  Indeed, the 2024 Summit is already planned for next November; be sure to schedule your private jet in advance!

Combating climate change without drawing up serious restrictions on world-wide fossil fuel consumption is pure folly.  Already experiencing the consequences of global warming, world leaders prefer to concentrate on economic growth.  Young citizens of the planet, who will face the brunt of climate change, must take charge now, especially at the ballot box. 

Texas & Gaza

On the surface, Texas and Gaza would seem to have little in common.  One is a large, wealthy State while the other is a small, impoverished territory.  But in both, innocents are suffering due to the expression of power and mysticism.

In Gaza, following a cruel, inhumane attack by Hamas, the Israeli Government is using its power to wipe out those religious zealots.  In the process, thousands of innocent Palestinians have been killed and far more have been forced from their homes; the final death toll will be horrendous and most of Gaza's infrastructure will have been destroyed.  Back in Texas, Conservative, Christian zealots are imposing their beliefs on the medical community, forcing a young mother to carry her fatally ill infant and putting her own health at risk.

Power and mysticism have taken a toll on innocents throughout human history.  Despite many advances in our society, that toll continues to rise.  We should not fund the slaughter of innocents and we should boycott a State that places mysticism above the health and freedom of its citizens.

Sharing Breakfast

Earlier this week, I visited the Missouri River floodplain on a cold but sunny morning.  Rounding a curve, I caught sight of two birds, feeding on a deer carcass.  To my surprise, one was a red-tailed hawk and the other was an American crow.

Mortal enemies on most days (at least from the crow's perspective), they tolerated each other's presence, picking away at the remains.  Perhaps hunger, following a long, frigid night, was responsible for their agreeable behavior but they seemed to represent the spirit of the Season.

Though nature is not sentimental, it was an inspiring scene.  Happy Holidays! 

Establish more Refuges

As our National Parks are overwhelmed by an escalating number of visitors, threatening the ecosystems that the Parks were created to protect, it seems best to focus on establishing more National Wildlife Refuges; these wild tracts are generally ignored by most Americans and International visitors.

Set aside to protect vital habitat for both resident and migrant wildlife, most of these refuges offer limited human amenities; a visitor center and restrooms are usually the max.  After all, they are preserved for the wildlife, not for tourists.  Almost 600 are currently spaced across the country but there is, in my opinion, always room for more.  Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge, in Colorado's North Park, is pictured below.

Many of these fabulous refuges, with their beautiful landscapes and abundant wildlife, would easily qualify to be National Parks but that would signal their demise.  Paved roads and tourist facilities would be constructed, hordes of human visitors would arrive, the tranquility would vanish and the wildlife would depart for less disturbed habitat (while it remains).  

Mountain Snowpack & Climate Change

Most of Earth's major river systems are fed by mountain snowpack; the Rockies (photo), the Andes, the Alps and the Himalayas are among the primary sources.  Snow depths build during the colder months and meltwater is released as the weather warms.  The highest peaks retain snow throughout the year.

One wonders how global warming will affect this simple but vital process.  No doubt, the snow line will rise and freshwater storage will diminish over time but the transition will likely be erratic.  As occurred in California last winter, energized storm systems may produce record snowfall in some regions while others experience snow droughts.  Mountain glaciers continue to recede and their release of water will gradually diminish.  In addition, as the snow line ascends, heavy mountain rains will lead to downstream flooding.

While the uncertainties confront us and we attempt to slow (if not reverse) climate change, we must also focus on water conservation, freshwater recycling and ecological means of water storage.  Cycles of heavy mountain snow are temporarily reassuring but they should not lead to complacency.

 

Garden of Eden

The Bible declares that man is the pinnacle of God's creation.  Metaphorically, this may be true (at least with regard to brain power), though the six-day time frame is a bit short.

Life first appeared in the primordial seas of Earth some 3.6 billion years ago and would not come ashore until 450 million years ago; humans did not evolve until 130,000 years ago.  Our species spread beyond Africa about 80,000 years ago, encountering the diverse, pristine ecosystems of our home planet.  For most of our time on Earth, humans were components of those ecosystems, just another species in nature's web of life.

Then, about 10,000 years ago, we bit into the proverbial apple and our Garden of Eden began to disintegrate.  Cultivation and domestication were our initial assaults on nature, occurring in concert with the development of permanent settlements.  Eventually, the Industrial Revolution greatly accelerated our impact on the planet and, today, we struggle to remedy the damage that we have wrought.  To paraphrase Joni Mitchell, returning to the Garden may be our only means of salvation.

Nature and Romance

As most humans find out, the initial stage of romance is one of passion, characterized by physical and emotional attraction and mediated by our senses.  Often short-lived, this phase must progress to affection, companionship and mutual respect if the relationship is to last.  Indeed, many (if not most) romantic encounters end here.

But, from nature's point of view, that first stage is sufficient.  She is concerned with procreation, not with long term relationships.  While human societies have evolved to favor such relationships, fortified by the social constructs of marriage and family and closely tied to our belief systems, one might argue that they are unnatural.  As we know, many do not endure.

Most of us would likely agree that the family unit enhances the stability of human society; genetic ties are especially strong.  Just don't look to nature for her support.

See also: The Genetic Bond and Marriage: an Unnatural Union 

Giving not Consumption

Immersed in the Holiday Season, we are encouraged to buy gifts for ourselves and others.  Though this gifting is not based on need, we are reminded that the health of our economy relies on this annual orgy of spending.

Yet, this excessive consumption augments the depletion of natural resources and intensifies the process of climate change.  The "Spirit of the Season" is an excuse for this excess and efforts to curb the activity are assailed, especially in popular Holiday films.  Whether the gifts are truly essential is beside the point.

Except for a few Santa toys for young children (another tradition we ought to abandon), we might shift our spending toward charitable donations, thereby helping to solve problems rather than create new ones.  Contrary to popular opinion, these ideas are not anti-Holiday; they are pro-Planet. 

Stress and Time

Our modern human lives can be stressful, with responsibilities tugging from various directions. In turn, this chronic stress can lead to health problems, including anxiety, headaches, ulcers and cardiovascular disease.

In my experience, stress results more from the anticipation and perception of our responsibilities than from the duties themselves. We are often overwhelmed by the multiple tasks that face us and sense that we don't have the time to accomplish them. Taking time to relax (an important choice) may heighten the anxiety, adding a layer of guilt to our troubled minds.

In reality, we usually have plenty of time to handle our responsibilities but tend to waste a good deal of it on mindless activities such as television, computer games and recurring conversations. I suggest making a list of "extra duties" that demand your attention in the coming week and commit to accomplish one (and only one) each day. By breaking down this gauntlet of looming responsibilities into single tasks, you may discover that there is more than enough time to accomplish them and, in the process, you will be encouraged by your achievements. In most cases, stress will disappear as inertia gives way to progress.

Swirling Snows

After a month-long vigil, I finally encountered snow geese yesterday afternoon.  A flock of about 450 were swirling above farm fields east of Columbia; they were either looking for a good spot to settle down or departing for their next rest stop to our south.

A series of cold fronts encouraged their journey through central Missouri and they will likely head for marshlands along the Lower Mississippi Valley or northwestern Gulf Coast for the winter.  Depending on weather conditions and the availability of food, they may not travel that far south.

Perhaps most inspiring when their wavering white lines shimmer against a deep blue sky, these migrants caught and held my attention despite the gray, misty weather; they had already come a long way from the Arctic tundra and were certainly unfazed by the chilly drizzle.  I hope to encounter more of these magnificent travelers in the coming weeks. 

The Second Big Lie

Donald Trump's claim that the 2020 election was stolen from him is known as the Big Lie.  Three years later, a large segment of the Republican Party still believes and defends that lie.

But a second Big Lie is, in my opinion, just as threatening to U.S. Democracy.  The promise by prosecutors and judges that Trump will be treated just like any other citizen of this country is a lie as well.  If that were the case, he would already be in prison.

Donald Trump retained and hid Top Secret documents, inspired and led a seditious conspiracy and has ignored gag orders by threatening witnesses, judges and prosecutors in his current and upcoming trials.  Any other citizen of this country, especially if poor and black, would be awaiting trial behind bars.  The special treatment that Trump has received is both demoralizing and unjust; we have yet to experience all the tragic consequences of both lies. 

Rescuing the Wolverines

As reported in The New York Times yesterday, wolverines have been added to the Endangered Species List for the Lower 48 States; a study revealed that no more than 300 inhabit the Northern Rockies and Northern Cascades of the U.S.  Deforestation and climate change appear to be the primary reasons for their decline.

Wolverines remain abundant in Alaska and Canada but the Lower 48 population has become increasingly isolated, adding a lack of genetic diversity to the problems facing this regional community.  Indeed, conservationists emphasize the importance of protecting natural corridors between the U.S. and Canada to alleviate that complication.

Unfortunately, the new listing may be too little, too late to rescue the wolverines of Washington, Idaho, Wyoming and Montana.  Considering our half-hearted approach to protecting natural habitat and addressing climate change, efforts to save this hardy resident of cold, snow-laden forests may produce temporary results at best. 

Uncertainty & Truth

Since the dawn of man, we humans have been learning about ourselves, our planet and our Universe.  Personal experience and the scientific method have greatly increased our knowledge over the Centuries; yet, our search for truth goes on.  Uncertainty reigns.

Indeed, the more we learn the more we realize how much we do not understand; answers lead to more questions, most of which have yet to be asked.  The complexity of our bodies, Earth's ecosystems and the galaxies challenges our rudimentary knowledge.  The beauty of uncertainty is that it drives exploration and investigation.

Those who settle for mysticism, accepting belief as truth, forego the magnificent adventure that motivates science-minded individuals.  We must defend uncertainty; it guides us, however slowly, toward truth.   

First Flakes of the Season

While the latest cold front produced heavy snow in eastern Kansas and northern Missouri, we received just a dusting of wet snow here in Columbia.  Nevertheless, they were the first flakes of the season, whitening our lawns and roofs.

The heavy band of snow is forecast to extend across the Northern Midwest and into the Great Lakes Region.  Though we remain below freezing in central Missouri, dry, frigid air is moving in from the west, cutting off any additional moisture.  In light of our ongoing drought, this is unfortunate.

On the positive side, the cold front, to be followed by another, may finally encourage snow geese to head southward; most are still content to hang out at refuges to our north.  Bring on the snow and the snow geese; we look forward to both. 

Loneliness and the Holidays

As the annual Holiday Season begins, it is sad to realize that many Americans are suffering from loneliness.  While illness and advanced age are common factors, some loneliness is psychological, triggered by the perception of being unloved or unneeded.

Those homebound by illness or infirmity warrant our attention and support; when family is absent, various social programs are designed to step in and our participation in or financial support for those services is a rewarding experience.  Indeed, for those who feel unneeded, these and other volunteer opportunities (hospitals, food banks, youth sports, community services, etc.) offer both social interaction and personal satisfaction.

The mental and physical effects of loneliness should not be minimized, especially during the Holidays.  It is incumbent on the rest of us to intervene by offering direct support or by encouraging those afflicted with loneliness to participate in the many volunteer programs that are vital to a healthy community. 

Sixty Years On

Today is the 60th Anniversary of President John F. Kennedy's assassination, an event that had a profound effect on all of us old enough to remember the tragedy.  I was in the eighth grade at the time and my experience is expressed in a poem from 2013: Innocence Lost.

For many of us, it was our first experience with gun violence and, having come soon after the Cuban Missile Crisis, it shook our faith in the security of our Government.  The turbulent years of the Sixties would follow, characterized by anti-war protests, civil rights demonstrations, a chaotic political convention and the assassinations of Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy.

Sixty years on, we face a more existential threat, a Political Party that cannot divorce itself from a Presidential candidate who threatens the very fabric of our Democracy.  Gun violence itself has become a national scourge.  Back in 1963, we were uncertain who to blame for the crisis but, today, the bloated culprit is impossible to ignore.

Migrants over the Missouri

Down along the banks of the Missouri River this morning, I found myself totally removed from signs of human activity.  I had come down to scan the riverscape for bald eagles, waterfowl and other resident wildlife.

As I prepared to leave, I caught sight of a distant flock, heading south through the valley.  As they approached, I saw and heard that they were greater white-fronted geese, the first I have encountered this autumn.  Having bred on the Arctic tundra of Canada and Alaska, they are on their way to the Lower Mississippi Valley and western Gulf Coast where they will spend the winter.

Long before we humans built our roads and highways, rivers guided migrant waterfowl to their destinations, offering nutritious rest stops along the journey.  For all I know, I might have been the only human to observe the geese this morning; they don't need our guidance and would surely fare better without our relentless assault on the landscape.  The least we can do is to protect the rivers and wetlands that they depend on. 

Cool Sunshine

Over the past 17 years of blogging, I'm sure I have mentioned that cold rain is my least favorite weather on many occasions.  And I might also have declared my fondness for cool sunshine.  Nevertheless, I'll do so again.

An autumn cold front has swept away our prolonged Indian Summer in Missouri and ushered in cool, dry, crystal-clear air.  The lower sun brightly illuminates the landscape without producing the heat that we have come to despise.  In concert, the local wildlife is invigorated; juncos and white-throated sparrows, here for the winter, are scouring the shrub lines, a white-breasted nuthatch is noisily performing his acrobatics in our large maple tree and a pair of crows are patrolling the neighborhood, intent on evicting any hawks or owls.

Approaching the self-induced frenzy of the Holiday Season, we humans have no excuse to be indoors.  There is cool, fresh air to inhale, trails to explore and, if we must, plenty of leaves to rake.  Nature, fickle as she is, may not offer these appealing conditions for too long. 

Returning to my Youth

For the first time since moving to Columbia, I attended a University of Missouri swim meet this morning; it was part of a three-day Men & Women's Invitational.  Of course, the experience took me back to my own days as a competitive swimmer.

It was refreshing to be enveloped by the humid, chlorine-scented air once again and it was good to see such a large congregation of fit, enthusiastic young adults.  They are certainly larger, stronger and much faster than we were back in the Sixties; they are also adorned with many more tattoos!

I would be remiss not to mention the significant number of black competitors.  During my youth, we heard that blacks cannot be competitive swimmers; something to do with heavy bones.  Today, we know it had nothing to do with anatomy; it was all about a lack of opportunity.

See also:  Thoughts on Competitive Swimming 

Looking for Short-Eared Owls

On this mild November day in central Missouri, I decided to look for short-eared owls on the farmlands east of Columbia.  Unlike most owls, they are often active during the day (especially at dawn and dusk).

Indeed, these winter residents of Missouri are often seen perched on a fence post, waiting to cruise low above grasslands or crop stubble in search of rodents; they might also be found on floodplains or coastal wetlands.  Of course, those hoping to observe them must head for appropriate habitat, as I did today.

On similar excursions in the past, my success rate is well below 50%.  I am far more likely to encounter hawks, kestrels, geese and other open country species but the effort is always worthwhile.  Today proved to be another failed mission but I have at least four more months to achieve success; avid birders are persistent, if nothing else.

Examining our Life

The course of our life is governed by factors over which we have no control and by choices that we make.  As we grow older, and especially near the end of life, we are inclined to examine that history, wondering what we might (or should) have done differently.

Of course, choice does not arise until we reach the age of independence but childhood experiences certainly influence future decisions.  Our primary choices have to do with our education, our career, our relationships, our beliefs and our lifestyle.  Course corrections in any or all of these areas are common.

Looking back, we may identify "mistakes" that spawn regret but our review must respect the context in which those choices were made, details that often fade with time.  Judging ourself without placing choices in their proper context may lead to dubious conclusions.  Indeed, one might argue that time invalidates a truthful re-examination of our life but we tend to do so anyway.

Limpkin in Columbia

Limpkins are large wading birds, related to rails and cranes; they are the only member of their family in the Americas.  Scouring freshwater marshes for snails and other mollusks, they are common in tropical and subtropical life zones; in the U.S., they were primarily found in Florida but their range has expanded in recent years.

Yesterday, a limpkin was discovered in the Twin Lakes Recreation Area along the MKT trail, here in Columbia, Missouri; of course, the local birding community has been notified via eBird.  Limpkins have become permanent residents along the Gulf and Southeastern Coasts of the U.S. and summer sightings have increased dramatically, as far north as Minnesota and Southern Canada and as far west as the Front Range of Colorado.

Formerly non-migratory, this bird, like many others, seems to be expanding its range northward as our climate warms.  One assumes that those observed in the northernmost climes move southward in winter but data is limited at this point; on the other hand, limpkins have been observed in central latitudes of the eastern U.S. in winter.  Great blue herons are permanent residents across the Snow Belt, why not limpkins?  

Miraculous Obesity Drugs

The 40% of American adults who are obese have been offered an effective yet expensive answer to their problem.  Reported to be as effective as gastric-bypass surgery in producing weight loss, these new, injectable (for now) drugs appear to be miraculous.

Not yet covered by insurance, pending assessment of broader benefits and potential side effects, the drugs are currently available only to the wealthy, many of whom surely use them just to trim their figure a bit. But these drugs result in more than appetite suppression; they interfere with metabolic processes that are vital to glucose metabolism.  What side effects might arise are yet to be determined.

Of the 40% of Americans who are obese, I suspect a small minority have genetic-based metabolic disorders that are responsible for their condition.  Most have obesity that began in childhood or early adulthood (due to familial factors such as poor dietary habits and lack of exercise).  These new therapies might offer a convenient form of effective therapy but a lifestyle change will also be necessary for the benefits to persist; then there are the potential side effects.

See also:  The Cycle of Obesity 

Bird Data and Climate Change

Yesterday afternoon, a friend and I encountered two ospreys at Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, on the Missouri River floodplain.  When I filed the report on eBird, I was advised by their computer that the count was "unusually high for the date and location." Comments were requested.

Though I was not offended (well, maybe just a bit), I provided the details and will await the judgement of local experts.  After all, bird data is only valuable if it is accurate.  

However, as an avid birder for more than 47 years, I have noted a recent shift in my own observations as our climate warms.  Most notable has been the delayed waterfowl migration in the fall, reflecting the late "freeze-up" across northern latitudes.  To encounter two ospreys in central Missouri in early November hardly seems exceptional; indeed, it was nearly 80 degrees F in Columbia yesterday.  Past data may no longer apply.

Joined by a Hawk

On this beautiful, warm, November morning in Columbia, Missouri, I took a seat on the back deck.  Listening to music, as usual, I was soon joined by a red-shouldered hawk that perched about fifty feet away.  Taking little notice of my presence, he did not seem to be hunting but, like myself, just wanted to bask in the sun for awhile.

Of course, unlike my visitor, my attention was often diverted by internal and external stimuli.  Certain songs would take me back to places or persons in my past and a host of pending tasks surfaced in my mind.  My relaxation was primarily physical, not cerebral.  The hawk, on the other hand, devoid of a large brain, was either hungry or not; no other issues disturbed his serenity.

About twenty minutes later, the raptor flew off.  I was left alone, contemplating the fact that human superiority is a relative concept. 

Sawtooth Oaks

Unlike the other deciduous trees in our Columbia, Missouri, yard, our two sawtooth oaks are reluctant to drop their leaves.  In fact, the leaves are just now taking on a yellowish sheen and are as supple as they were in mid summer.

Of the 90+ oaks (trees and shrubs) native to North America, sawtooth oaks are not among them.  These exotic oaks are native to Eastern Asia but have become naturalized in various regions of the Southeastern U.S.; indeed, one of ours appeared on its own.  The long, saw-toothed leaves are distinctive enough but their acorns are especially helpful in identification; the large, round nut, relished by our resident squirrels, has thick, curly scales.

Oaks, common through most of the country, are a subfamily of the Beech Family, which includes beeches, oaks and chestnuts.  Worldwide, there are at least 400 species of oak. 

Fearing a Buffoon

Despite his numerous legal problems, his bumbling speeches at campaign stops, his vocal attacks on American Democracy and his relentless threats against perceived enemies, many Americans fear that Donald Trump will regain the Presidency.

Backed by MAGA extremists who oppose human rights, reject responsible gun control, work to limit voting access and hope to withdraw from the global stage, Trump jets around the country, ranting about his own problems.  A friend of Putin and other dictators, Trump wants the same unconstrained power for himself; vengeance is his primary goal.

Leading a racist cult, Trump disrespects the military, law enforcement officers, immigrants and working class Americans.  He is a rapist, a fraud and a threat to our national security.  I cannot believe that the majority of American citizens will want him back in office; he should be in prison.  It is time to stop worrying about this pathetic man.  Just vote. 

Window Birding

Despite what the title might imply, this post is not about birding from a picture window (though that can be both enjoyable and productive).  Rather, it relates my excursion to Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area during the afternoon "birding window" when the hunters lay down their weapons and birders search for avian residents and visitors that were not killed or scared off by the shooting.

Since my middle grandson came along, my visit easily fit within the official window and I focused on nearby, easy to identify species.  American coot, pied-billed grebes, a belted kingfisher, northern shovelers and a northern harrier, all new to him, were the afternoon highlights.

I will retry the window birding later in the week but the time of day and the regional carnage will likely suppress bird activity throughout the hunting season.  Indeed, I might observe more species from our family room window. 

Unexpected Complications

We humans experience a variety of unexpected problems during our lives.  Some are tragic while most are simply annoying (though sometimes costly).  Last evening, we hit a deer in Indiana.

I felt bad that the deer was killed but was also sorry that our car was damaged and that our planned visit to northern Ohio was cancelled.  On the other hand, we were fortunate not to be injured (or worse) and were able to drive back to Missouri despite the carnage.  Having driven over half a million miles touring this country, it was finally our turn to experience this all-too-common collision.

When faced with such unexpected complications in our lives, we all tend to get angry but that only adds to our stress.  It seems best to accept the "could have been worse" approach, recognizing the implications of the event while focusing on solutions.  Sorting through and addressing the steps to recovery is both appropriate and therapeutic. 

Creative Freedom

Creativity confers a significant degree of freedom.  Those who discover their creativity at a young age are thus likely to experience a level of freedom in their lives that most others do not.  In some cases, it facilitates an escape from a life of deprivation. 

Such creativity usually relates to the arts: painting, sculpture, music, dance, theater and writing, among others.  Talent in such areas affords both a diversion from the traditional path to career fulfillment and a freedom of expression that others can only imagine.

Of course, a degree of creativity is helpful in any field of endeavor but artistic activity offers additional benefits, especially at the personal level.  Indeed, this is the reason that many well-educated and financially secure individuals become novelists, paint or join theater groups later in life.  I personally recommend such an adventure for everyone....no talent needed.

Nature's Debris

Now that we have enjoyed the colorful foliage of October, we humans watch as leaves, twigs, needles and seedpods collect on our roofs, lawns, walkways and driveways throughout November.  Of course, this natural plant material is referred to as "debris" only because it lands on our unnatural structures and surfaces.

Were it not for this seasonal rain of dead vegetation and seeds, we would not have forests.  Even our suburban landscapes would be healthier if we were not so fastidious about cleaning it up.  Offering nutrients for the parent plant as well as neighboring vegetation, the debris is recycled by fungi and a host of invertebrates.  Of course, the seeds will yield new trees in the spring, often in areas where we may not want them (e.g. flower beds).

How we approach nature's life cycle is generally a reflection of how connected we feel with the natural world.  By the end of the month, many will have bagged up and shipped off most of the material.  Some of us just rearrange it a bit. 

Krider's Hawk

On our visit to Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area this afternoon, a friend and I encountered a Krider's hawk, a light race of the common red-tailed hawk.  The whiteness of this raptor varies across its range and today's visitor was almost completely white with dark speckling on the dorsal aspect of its wings and a faint red band across the end of its tail.

Krider's red-tailed hawks breed across the Northern Plains of Canada and the U.S. and winter on the Southern Plains.  Of course, migrant raptors do not adhere to State lines and these birds occasionally turn up in States that border that region.  Indeed, this subspecies is named for a collector who first shot one in Philadelphia.

Since the Krider's red-tails interbreed with darker subspecies east and west of its range, they will likely disappear from the Continent over time.  It was thus a special treat to observe this beautiful raptor today.

 

Humans and our Vehicles

Many humans are emotionally attached to their car or truck, some of us more so than others.  In my experience, those who own sports cars or pickup trucks are especially vulnerable to this relationship.

For the first time in several years, I have brought my pickup back from our Colorado farm where it has languished in the driveway, enduring the intense summer sun, severe winter cold and heavy snowstorms during most seasons.  Since it was "born" in 2003 and has travelled more than 260,000 miles, I had decided that I should not tempt fate by driving it between Colorado and Missouri.  Not having it for snowy weather and concerned that, like humans, it would deteriorate more quickly without activity, I changed my mind.  Of course, I also missed having it available for a variety of chores..

To be even more honest, I feel younger when I'm driving my pickup, despite the fact that I bought it as a used vehicle when I was already in my mid-fifties.  But, at this point, I need all the youthful sentiments I can muster. 

Ahead of the Snow

 I left Metro Denver yesterday morning under sunny skies.  However, dark clouds stretched across the western and northern horizons, signaling the approach of the first winter storm of the season.  Up to 5 inches of snow are expected in Metro Denver as the cold front plunges from the Rockies and expands  southeastward across the High Plains.  Lows in the teens F and a foot or more of snow have already been reported across the Northern Plains of Montana and North Dakota.

Staying ahead of the front, I drove through sun-drenched but chilly air as I headed eastward toward Missouri.  Though I hoped to see migrant flocks of cranes and geese, escaping the sub-freezing air behind the front, none were encountered.  I spent the night in Hays, Kansas, where the overnight low has dropped into the upper 20s F.

Still facing a six hour drive to Columbia, I certainly expect to observe those migrant flocks of waterfowl as the winter storm moves eastward.  An update tomorrow.

Update:  Despite a brilliant Hunter's Moon in the western sky this morning (which I took to be a positive omen), I encountered only one flock of snow geese on my six hour drive; about 60 of the travelers were flying south just east of Topeka, Kansas.  No other migrant geese were observed, though I did see a few thousand starlings!  

Mental Illness and Guns

As the tragedy in Maine continues to unfold, one can hear the opponents of gun control arguing that the killer has a history of mental illness.  In their opinion, "guns do not kill people, mental illness does."

There is no doubt that mentally ill persons with access to guns may harm themselves or others.  The real question is: "Why do they have access to guns, especially military assault rifles?"  The answer is twofold: 1. Our screening is inadequate due to political opposition and 2. Access to military weapons is widespread due to political inaction.

Almost all mass shootings in the United States have involved the use of military assault rifles.  Why are these available to the general public?  To protect ourselves from "the Police State?"  Sounds a lot like the Big Lie.  Vote for Democrats in 2024!

Full Disclosure: I am a registered Independent 

Hurricane Otis devastates Acapulco

Slamming into the Pacific Coast of southern Mexico early yesterday morning, Hurricane Otis had reached Category 5 status, causing widespread destruction across Acapulco.  Backed by a range of mountains, the city has endured torrential rain, a massive storm surge, catastrophic winds, mudslides and flooding along its raging mountain streams.

Just the latest powerful hurricane, fueled by warm ocean waters and hot, humid air, its tragic effects will devastate the region for an extended period of time.  Climate change is exacting a major toll on human communities and natural ecosystems alike, producing death, destruction and economic stress across the globe.

If there is any benefit derived from this storm, it is the river of moisture that it sent northeastward, bringing much-needed rain to eastern Texas and the Midwest.  As the atmosphere becomes increasingly energized by a warming global climate, alternating patterns of drought and intense storms will likely become the norm. 

Keep Moving!

In modern American society, one need not leave their cozy home until the undertaker arrives.  Almost everything, from toilet paper to vehicles can be purchased online and delivered to your door.  Food and booze are just a text or phone call away.

For the more adventurous, sight-seeing from the car can be enjoyable, especially since fast food drive-thrus are widely available.  Here in Denver (and I assume in most big cities), one can now get their oil changed while staying in the car.  During my recent visit to the massive confines of DFW, I learned that one need not walk to the burger joint for nourishment; rather, the food can be ordered by text and delivered to your gate.  The only reason to get up is to heed the call of nature or to get on the plane.  Of course, massively obese persons get the best deal: a ride through the terminal and early boarding with other disabled individuals.

Staying active is the best way to combat the degenerative changes of aging.  Though commendable, one need not be an elderly triathlete or a pickle ball champion to obtain the benefits.  A daily walk is sufficient for most of us. 

The New River

Last October, while traveling through the Blue Ridge Mountains, I was fortunate to encounter the North and South Branches of the New River in northwest North Carolina.  The New River is actually quite old, perhaps the oldest river in North America.

From the junction of its two branches in North Carolina, the New River drops into the Ridge and Valley Province of the Appalachians, flowing northeastward.  Near Radford, Virginia, the river angles to the NNW, slicing through the Appalachian Plateau of West Virginia and eventually merging with the Gauley River to form the Kanawha River, a major tributary of the Ohio.  Having completed my medical residency at West Virginia University, in Morgantown, I was fortunate to experience a couple of canoe trips on the New River back in the late Seventies.

Geologists know this ancient river as the Teays, the predecessor of the Ohio River.  Before the glacial advances of the Pleistocene, the Teays (now the New, Kanawha and central Ohio Rivers) continued to flow northwestward across Ohio and northern Indiana, eventually entering the Upper Mississippi.  When the Pleistocene ice sheets blocked that course, the Teays diverted southwestward, forming the current Ohio River Valley.  See: From Teays to Ohio 

Yellow-Rumps Stop By

Known as the "winter warbler" since they winter along both Coasts and across the southern half of the U.S., yellow-rumped warblers are primarily migrants along the Front Range urban corridor and a flock of eight turned up on our Littleton farm this morning.

Calmer than most of their cousins, these warblers are relatively easy to identify as they scour the trees and shrubs for insects, larvae and berries.  Here in Colorado, they summer and breed in the mountains (often near timberline) and travel across lower terrain as they head to and from their wintering grounds.  Massive flocks are sometimes encountered in Metro Denver in late April or May.

This morning's visitors lingered for an hour or so, relishing the sunny, cool conditions and chasing one another about the property.  Their presence is just the latest sign that winter will soon displace our late October heat wave. 

The Joy of Bushtits

Small, energetic, sociable and seemingly optimistic, bushtits are common on our Littleton farm.  Nevertheless, a flock of 18 roamed about the property this evening, one of the larger flocks that I have encountered.

Attracted by our stands of piñon pine and a wide variety of native shrubs, these tiny songbirds are not the least bit shy, often foraging within a few yards of human observers.  Their twittering is usually the first sign of their presence and they tend to wander in parade fashion, making their number easy to assess.

Finding plenty of nourishment on the trees and shrubs (insects, spiders, larvae, eggs) bushtits generally turn down human handouts but surely appreciate our effort to provide a variety of foliage.  In return, they spread joy, oblivious of the political and financial headaches that cloud the minds of humans. 

Winter Birds in Summer Weather

As in Missouri, the autumn waterfowl migration has been sluggish along the Front Range, no doubt a reflection of persistent mild weather up north.  Indeed, we expect summer-like conditions here through the week, hardly appealing to our usual winter residents.

A friend and I did encounter gadwall, American wigeon and ring-necked ducks at South Platte Park this morning where a small flock of white-crowned sparrows (also winter residents on the Colorado Piedmont) were foraging in the rabbitbrush.  In addition, I have seen a small number of dark-eyed juncos on our Littleton farm.

Though we usually get our first snowfall in Metro Denver by the end of October, the prospect for that seems rather dim this year.  For now, we'll hope that the vanguard of winter residents foreshadows more seasonable weather along the Front Range.   

A Remedy for Many Problems

If asked to recommend an activity that will improve one's physical and mental health, I would suggest frequent, solitary walks, preferably in a natural setting.  The physical benefits are most obvious, especially related to conditioning, cardiovascular health and weight control, but many will find that walking also improves the clinical response and symptoms of established medical conditions.

With regard to mental health, solitary walks offer relaxation, reduce stress and provide down time to sort through personal problems.  In addition, such walks often augment creativity (artistic or practical in nature), something to which I can personally attest; indeed, most of my writing topics are conceived during walks (this post included).

No doubt, some readers will scoff at this simple recommendation but I encourage them to give it a try.  Over time, the solitary walks will prove to be both enjoyable and beneficial.  Of course, as the ads for other therapeutic programs advise, results may vary. 

Above the Arkansas Watershed

Yesterday's flight from Dallas to Denver also offered a spectacular view of the broad Arkansas River Watershed, from the Canadian River Valley on the south to the Palmer Divide on the north.  Clear skies and bright sunshine illuminated every detail of the terrain below.

The Canadian River, the longest tributary of the Arkansas, rises in the Culebra Range at the Colorado-New Mexico border.  After flowing southeastward through eastern New Mexico, the river turns eastward, winding across the Texas Panhandle and Oklahoma before entering the Arkansas River beyond Eufaula Reservoir.  Farther north, the North Canadian and Cimarron Rivers rise amidst the volcanic terrain of the Raton Mesa and eventually join the Arkansas in eastern Oklahoma.

We crossed the Arkansas River at John Martin Reservoir, in southern Colorado, where the Purgatoire River enters from the southwest after draining the north side of the Raton Mesa.  The Arkansas, itself, rises along the Continental Divide near Tennessee Pass, receiving numerous tributaries from the massive Sawatch Range and the Mosquito Range before descending through its canyon and rumbling onto the Colorado Piedmont at Pueblo.  In southeastern Colorado, it takes in many more tributaries from the eastern slope of the mountains and from the southern flank of the Palmer Divide before entering Kansas.

Flashback Post XLV

Today, on a flight from Dallas to Denver, I noticed mounds of rock rising from the rolling terrain of Southwestern Oklahoma.  They were the Wichita Mountains that I wrote about back in December of 2011 but, until today, had never seen.  A visit at ground level is in order.

See: The Wichita Mountains 

Final Morning at Eagle Bluffs

On this cool, misty morning in central Missouri, I headed down to Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area on the Missouri River floodplain.  Despite the weather, I wanted to make one final tour of the refuge before it closes until March 1 of next year; the closure is to provide refuge for wintering waterfowl and an undisturbed killing zone for duck hunters.  To be fair, I should mention that birders and nature lovers are granted a 2-hour visit window in mid afternoon (a perfect time for birding) during the closure.

Ironically, the refuge is finally being "re-watered" after prolonged dryness due to our hot summer, a low river level and projects to reconfigure the preserve's landscape.  While the hunters may well benefit from the influx of water, there were hardly any waterfowl this morning; I only observed 13 mallards and a lone pied-billed grebe.  Fortunately, raptors were well represented, including two bald eagles, an osprey, three northern harriers, a red-tailed hawk and an American kestrel (not to mention a dozen or so turkey vultures).  I also enjoyed watching a river otter in the central channel.

Having such a "non-productive" experience on the last morning of the Eagle Bluffs birding year was frustrating.  I hope the hunters are just as fortunate. 

Redcedars invade the Great Plains

Having watched robins and waxwings feed in our eastern redcedar over the past week, I was interested in "Battling a Green Glacier" discussed in the autumn issue of Living Bird, a publication of the Cornell Ornithology Lab.  The article discusses the advance of redcedars into grassland ecosystems of the Great Plains.

Eastern redcedars, common throughout the eastern half of the U.S., are junipers and members of the Cypress Family.  Planted on the Great Plains as windbreaks and snow-fences and to beautify the landscape on farms and in towns, they are now spreading into the prairies and ranchlands.  Wildfire suppression has augmented their spread which is also mediated by avian dispersal of seeds.  Ecologists are alarmed by the loss of habitat for grasslands species and ranchers are disturbed by the loss of grazing land; both groups also point out that these woodlands accelerate the reduction of groundwater.  Of course, agriculture, industry and suburban sprawl are also responsible for grassland habitat destruction but are not discussed to any degree in this article.

Redcedars have always been pioneer trees, among the first to colonize abandoned farms and rocky glades.  The Green Glacier decried in the article is just another consequence of human impact on natural ecosystems.  We introduced the trees and suppressed wildfires.  The redcedars are just doing their thing. 

Terror & Empathy

The atrocities committed by Hamas in Israel this week must be known to the world.  So too must the victims be revealed and honored.  But how do we express empathy without augmenting the terror?

In the interest of accurate reporting, news organizations feel obliged to offer eyewitness accounts, warning viewers that the video "may be disturbing."  This approach, while valuable in the interest of truth, seems to comply with the goal of the terrorists.  Horrific videos (shown repeatedly) amplify the terror, ensuring that many viewers will remain glued to the coverage.

It seems to me that news organizations can provide details without fueling the terror.  Emphasis should be placed on the victims not on the atrocities unleashed by those who want to instill fear among the public (local or distant).  And while I applaud the courage of photojournalists, we need not see our celebrity broadcasters in helmets to understand the acute and long term ramifications of this inhumane attack.

See also: Voyeurs of Tragedy 

Autumn Chill in the Country

This morning dawned clear and almost cold in central Missouri, great conditions for a drive in the country.  Along one of my favored routes, east of Columbia, steam was rising from the lakes and the fall colors were just beginning to paint the landscape.

Flocks of mourning doves, starlings and red-winged blackbirds wheeled through the chilly air or huddled on the power lines, waiting for the bright sunshine to have its effect.  Unfazed by the cold, a lone bald eagle  raced above the farm fields, seemingly in a hurry to locate breakfast.  An American kestrel, on the other hand, patiently scanned the ground from a phone pole before swooping down to snare its victim.  Less energetic and puffed up against the chill, a quartet of eastern bluebirds were spaced along a wire, soaking in the first rays of the sun.

We naturalists all have our favorite seasons and landscapes and a country road in October is certainly high on my list.  Fortunately, three weeks remain. 

Seventy-five Years of Hate

The current violence in Israel is both tragic and predictable.  Unfortunately, it will foment even more violence, as the past seventy-five years have demonstrated.

Whomever you might support is this long conflict, one must admit that arbitrary human boundaries, racism, religion-based intolerance and cultural disrespect have fueled the hatred.  An unwillingness to accept the rights of one another is at the heart of this tragedy.  Neither party is free of blame.

It is time to focus on the children, innocent and not yet infused with hatred.  If only the adults would place their welfare above all other concerns.  War kills children too.

Roads & Rivers

When I am traveling across this country (and others), I pay close attention to the roads and the rivers.  The roads, of course, are of human design, easing our progress across the landscape and offering interconnection with a maze of routes.

Rivers are nature's highways, fed by numerous tributaries and flowing toward the sea or to a basin lake or sink.  Used by wildlife and early humans as natural routes, they remain important today as a means of transportation.  But while early man understood their significance with respect to the lay of the land, modern human travelers generally accept them as natural impediments that must be crossed by a bridge or ferry.

Those of us who are interested in geography know that rivers and their tributaries explain the topography.  We recognize when we pass from one watershed to another and come to appreciate the vast networks that feed the major waterways.  Mountains are surely beautiful and inspiring but streams have sculpted them and define their place in the overall landscape. 

First Wave of Autumn

Thunderstorms and much needed rain are moving through central Missouri this morning, the leading edge of a cold front that will bring the first pulse of autumn to the American Heartland.  Behind the front, cool, dry air will plunge southeastward, finally bringing relief to the heat-plagued Southern Plains.

Indeed, a freeze warning has been issued for the Northern Plains as overnight temperatures will plummet into the low 30s F.  Farther south, we will likely reach the mid 40s tonight, a welcome chill after our long, hot summer.

Meanwhile, ahead of this system, moisture is streaming into the Northeast where the ground is saturated and flooding is a significant concern.  Unfortunately, Tropical Storm Philippe is heading toward Maine and the Canadian Maritimes, sure to exacerbate the risk. 

The American Goose

Way back when I was a child, it was a rare event to observe a flock of wild geese, heading south in the autumn sky.  Today, Canada geese are permanent residents throughout most of the country, though their legions expand during the colder months as migrant flocks arrive from the north.

One might argue that they should be renamed; Americans Geese would seem appropriate, especially since many of them never visit Canada.  One might also suggest that they not be referred to as "wild geese" since they commonly occupy suburban parks and golf courses where they feast on artificial "grasslands," maintained by humans.

Of course, we have encouraged this transition, having replaced prairie with crop fields, enticed them with our many reservoirs and provided extensive, unused lawns for their patronage.  Then again, human-induced climate change might have the opposite effect, making their northern homeland more inviting after all.  

Ethics, Trust & Justice

Can we trust individuals who shun the concept of ethics?  Can justice prevail when decisions are made by unethical persons?  Can we expect justice from those we cannot trust?

These questions arise in light of the Supreme Court's apparent belief that ethical standards are unnecessary, even as Justice Thomas has received significant financial gifts and support from those who have benefited from his decisions.

When members of the Supreme Court are willing to skirt the law, how can we expect the average American to respect it?  It is time to force ethical standards on the Court and to prosecute those who have betrayed our trust.  Supreme Court Justices are not immune to equal treatment under the law.

Will November replace October?

For as long as I can remember, October has been my favorite month.  Mild, dry, sunny days and clear, cool nights have been the norm, augmented by colorful foliage and energized wildlife.

Will climate change alter this scenario?  Today, we expect a high temperature in the 90s F here in central Missouri.  Fall colors have been muted by excessive heat and, in some areas of the country, by excessive precipitation.  While songbirds migrate in response to the solar cycle, most waterfowl move south as lakes, ponds and wetlands freeze over up north; exceptionally warm weather will likely delay that autumn spectacle and, eventually, cancel it altogether.

In other words, November may become the old October as global warming slows the progression to winter.  For now, once the heat abates, we'll enjoy this glorious month. 

Landlocked Salmon

On our recent roadtrip to New England and Nova Scotia, we crossed the Salmon River in New York that was clearly flowing into Lake Ontario; the river rises on the Tug Hill Plateau east of the Lake.  Having always associated salmon with marine environments, I was intrigued and did some research.

In the Northeast U.S. and Eastern Canada, landlocked salmon are a subspecies of the Atlantic Salmon, having become trapped in freshwater lakes during the Pleistocene, when glaciers altered the regional hydrology.  Landlocked Atlantic Salmon were first discovered in Maine but native populations were later found in Lake Ontario and Lake Champlain as well.  Unlike marine salmon species, these salmon spend most of their lives in freshwater lakes, ascending feeder streams to spawn.  The native populations dwindled over time (due to pollution, dams, overfishing and other human influences) but have been sustained through stocking programs.

Landlocked salmon are also found in the Pacific Northwest, where similar geologic events likely played a role in their evolution and where fisheries now introduce them into freshwater ecosystems.

 

The Elusive Moose

Throughout our travels across New England and Southeastern Canada, we saw many references to moose.  Road signs warned of potential collisions and a host of streams, lakes, mountains, refuges, parks, towns, shops, taverns and beverages were named in honor of those elusive creatures.

Though we drove through "moose habitat" in early morning or late daylight hours (when moose are especially active), we never caught sight of these large, northern herbivores.  Were it not for convincing evidence on nature videos, one might think moose are in a league with Sasquatch!

Of course, I jest.  While I have observed moose in the more open landscapes of the American West, they are certainly hard to locate in the dense vegetation of the Northeast (if they do exist!). 

What Was not Observed

Over the past few weeks, I have described landscapes across New England and Southeastern Canada that we encountered on our roadtrip to Nova Scotia.  Today, I must report on geography that was not seen.

Setting off from Albany, New York, at dawn this morning, we climbed westward through the Mohawk River Valley.  Unfortunately, due to dense fog, I could not see the River or its associated terrain.  However, I did see road signs indicating that we were crossing the Mohawk or the Erie Canal that parallels the River.

Near the end of the Pleistocene, Lake Ontario was three times its current size as glacial meltwater expanded south of the retreating ice sheet.  Since the St. Lawrence Valley was blacked by the glacier, this massive lake (now known as Glacial Lake Iroquois) drained through the Mohawk Valley, now occupied by the Mohawk River.  Sadly, I could not observe the remnants of that natural history today.

Acadia National Park

Acadia National Park stretches across Mount Desert Island on the Atlantic Coast of Maine.  Its renowned landscapes are interspersed with private land and communities, including the tourist mecca of Bar Harbor.  As a result, human pressure on the island's ecosystems is much greater than one might expect.

Early this morning, just after dawn, we entered the Park, hoping to beat the crowds.  As a result, we enjoyed a a walk along the rocky coast (photo) and a steep climb to an isolated summit without encountering many fellow tourists.  We had planned to ascend Cadillac Mountain but learned that that adventure must be scheduled in advance.

As I have discussed in the past, our National Parks are under assault by too many human visitors and I plead guilty as one who has explored most of them.  The decision to limit access to popular sites or to the Parks in general is unfortunate but, I believe, appropriate.  Protecting sensitive natural ecosystems has become an increasingly difficult challenge.

Brier Island

South of Digby, Nova Scotia, a peninsula extends southwestward, broken by two passes into islands at its western extent.  At the western end of this chain is Brier Island, the westernmost point in Nova Scotia.  The peninsula and its islands are separated from the mainland by St. Mary's Bay while they represent the southeastern shore of the vast Bay of Fundy.

Our whale-watching adventure, again cancelled due to high winds, was to have originated at Brier Island so we decided to explore the island itself.  Our best options proved to be graveled roads that lead to its two lighthouses, overlooking the Bay of Fundy at the west and northeast ends of the island.  Seascapes and coastal wetlands at the western lighthouse were especially scenic (photo) and both seabirds and migrant raptors (sharp-shinned hawks and broad-winged hawks) were abundant.  Unfortunately, no whales were observed in the turbulent waters of the Bay.

Tomorrow morning we will leave Nova Scotia via a two-hour ferry trip across the Bay of Fundy to Saint John, New Brunswick; from there we will drive eastward to re-enter the U.S. at the Maine border.  If time permits, we hope to visit Acadia National Park before our long journey back to Missouri.

Crossing Southern Nova Scotia

Leaving Halifax this morning, we drove south to Polly's Cove (photo), where coastal scrub and rock formations offered scenic seascapes and inland vistas.  From there, we continued farther south and cut westward across southern Nova Scotia.

Midway along that transit we reached Kejimkujik National Park.  Stretching along the Mersey River Valley, the refuge offers a fine network of trails, leading through forest, out to beautiful inland lakes and past a variety of geologic formations; it is also a popular destination for canoe trips and kayaking.

We will spend our last two nights In Nova Scotia at Digby, on the southwest coast of the Island Province.  It is known for its whale-watching tours and we hope to participate if weather permits. 

A Day in Halifax

For the first time on our roadtrip, we spent a day in an urban center and our decision to visit Halifax was pleasantly rewarding.  Perched on the edge of a natural harbor, Halifax is an attractive and walker-friendly city.  

Though it welcomes both freighters and cruise ships, it is of modest size and easily explored.  Parking near its center, we spent the day touring its outdoor highlights; the first of these was the fine City Gardens, harboring a pond, sculptures and an excellent variety of floral and plant displays.  Our second stop was the city's historic Citadel, a British naval fortress during the 18th and 19th Centuries that overlooks Halifax and its waterways.

Much of our day was spent along the waterfront, where an attractive boardwalk leads to wharfs, shops, restaurants and recreation sites.  A visit to the Maritime Museum, accessed from the boardwalk, was interesting and educational though a bit crowded on this mild, sunny weekend.  Should you have the opportunity, I strongly recommend a visit to this historic yet inviting coastal city. 

Bras d'Or Lake

Bras d'Or Lake (photo) is actually a large, multi-armed estuary in central Cape Breton Island that has two natural connections to the Atlantic Ocean at its northeastern extent.  Though several rivers and numerous creeks drain into the "lake," it is subject to tidal flow and thus has brackish water.  A man-made canal, used to facilitate shipping, also connects Bras d'Or Lake to the ocean at its southeastern end.

Almost 1100 square kilometers in size, the estuary is bordered by glacial drumlins in its northwestern region.  The variable salinity of its water greatly augments the diversity of its wetlands and resident wildlife and its varied ecosystem has received designation as a UNESCO Biosphere Preserve.

While our exposure to Bras d"Or Lake was strictly from adjacent roadways, knowing that this vast estuary is being protected for the welfare of our planet and the benefit of future generations was rewarding enough. 

Atlantic Coast Trails of Cape Breton

On our last day in Cape Breton, we took two hikes along the Atlantic Coast, where the waves are more powerful and the seascapes are more dramatic.  The first was the Middle Head Trail, which extends eastward along a peninsula, east of the Keltic Resort and north of Cape Smokey.

This undulating trail offers multiple views across the bays to its north and south and culminates at a rocky overlook (photo).  A popular hike, especially for patrons of the resort, it is not ideal for those seeking solitude.  Nevertheless, this trail officially lies within the boundary of the National Park.

Our second hike was along the Coastal Trail of the Cape Breton Highlands National Park, which leads out to spectacular rock formations, molded by the relentless force of the sea (photo).  At one location, the power of rushing water has carved a deep, narrow canyon into the coastal cliffs.

Both trails offer excellent vantage points for whale watching (though not successful today) and for watching sea birds; northern gannets and cormorants were abundant and we also observed a few common loons.  Tomorrow we head south to Halifax, where we will spend the next two days. 

Across the Top of Cape Breton

What do you do if weather conditions cancel your whale-watching adventure?  We chose to drive to the top of the broad plateau that is the central landscape of Cape Breton Highlands National Park and take a walk in the rain.  On the positive side, a sign warned of moose in the area and the trail led to a scenic, backcountry lake (photo).  Though we did not encounter any of those large, northern herbivores, we did see their tracks!

We then crossed to the Atlantic side of Cape Breton, setting our sights on White Point, a peninsula of tundra-like landscape that offers spectacular seascapes (photo).  There we encountered a bald eagle, cormorants, northern gannets, common eiders and white-winged scoters.  Despite a prolonged vigil, we did not see the tell-tale spouting of whales.

We now begin our journey down the east coast of Nova Scotia.  Reports will be filed over the next few days.. 

West Coast of Cape Breton Island

It was a cool, rainy morning on Cape Breton Island but, upon arriving at Inverness, on its west coast, a brief respite was granted.  We took advantage of that break in the rain to hike along the town's shoreline boardwalk, returning on the beach (photo).

Since the rain bands were moving off to the northeast, we headed south to Port Hood.  There, at the city park, a boardwalk leads out between scenic wetlands (photo) and the beach, ending at a sandy spit.  A large flock of great black-backed gulls lounged on a secluded stretch of the shore.

Tomorrow we go whale watching, scheduled to depart from Pleasant Bay, farther up the coast.  A report on that experience will follow.

Crossing to Nova Scotia

Having spent the night in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, we drove to the National Park on the north shore of the island.  There we enjoyed a pleasant walk along its broad, sandy beach (photo) until it was time to catch a ferry to Nova Scotia.

That ride, across the calm Gulf of St. Lawrence, was just as relaxing.  Gulls and cormorants were abundant on the open water, joined by a fair number of northern gannets.  We also saw a dozen or so harbor seals as we approached the dock.

A two-hour drive through forested hills brought us to a small coastal town in Cape Breton, which will serve as home base for the next two days.  Over the next week, we hope to explore most of Nova Scotia.  Details to follow. 

Just Photos from New Brunswick

There is an old saying that "a picture is worth a thousand words."  In the spirit of that statement, here are 3000+ words on the coast of New Brunswick, Canada.

                                         Bay of Fundy from Irving Nature Park in Saint John.

Shepody National Wildlife Area

Hopewell Rocks

 

Meeting Lee in Bangor

Yesterday morning, we left Adirondack Park, driving northeast through the Ausable River Valley.  Once on the broad valley of Lake Champlain, we traveled north before crossing the lake just south of the Canadian border.

For the rest of the day, we meandered eastward through the scenic landscapes of Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine.  Unlike New York, which labels every creek, river and watershed, these northern States do not introduce their numerous streams to travelers, disappointing geography buffs such as myself. And, despite plenty of warning signs along the roadways, we did not encounter a moose on this stretch of our journey.

By nightfall, we were at our destination (a motel in Bangor, Maine), safely ahead of Tropical Storm Lee's predicted wrath.  Rain arrived overnight and it is a bit windy this morning but the storm has weakened and is unlikely to affect our road trip schedule.  On to Canada today. 

Climbing Bald Mountain

It was a beautiful fall day in the Adirondacks, mostly sunny and cool.  As a result, we drove to the west-central region of the Park to climb Bald Mountain.

A ridge of Precambrian rock with numerous outcrops of granite, this mountain offers a gradual climb to a summit that offers a broad view of nearby lakes and distant ridges.  Nevertheless, the hiker is confronted by slabs and domes of rock that must be traversed; the alternative is to skirt the outcrops by trudging across the soggy, forest floor.  Those who persist are rewarded with spectacular views en route (see photo).

Tomorrow we have plans to head for Bangor, Maine, but will keep an eye on the weather forecast as the remnants of Hurricane Lee push into the region.  Respect for the power of nature is always a wise choice.  

East to the Adirondacks

Leaving Watertown, New York, this morning, we followed the Black River Valley eastward to Carthage.  There, Route 3 angles to the northeast, headed for Adirondacks Park, the landscape of which has been sculpted from a Precambrian Dome by glaciers and streams.

Our first adventure in that magnificent Park was a hike up Mount Arab (summit elevation 2533 feet), which offers a broad view (photo) of distant peaks and lakes.  Though the trail is officially only a mile in length, it is mostly a well-engineered stairway of rocks.

Having survived that ordeal, we headed to Lake Placid, where we will spend the next two nights.  Another hike is planned for tomorrow (if we can move in the morning).