Stormy Drought Relief

Two potent Pacific storm systems, arriving in sequence this weekend, will produce a variety of severe weather across the Heartland; strong thunderstorms, tornados, high winds, intense lightning and large hail are forecast for many areas.  On the positive side, heavy rains will move across drought-plagued regions of the Great Plains and Midwest.

Here in central Missouri, where a drought persists, the first wave of storms arrived early this morning, dropping an inch of rain.  A second wave is expected this evening and periodic storms will likely develop over the next 48 hours.

While episodes of heavy rain are welcome, brief downpours are not as effective in relieving drought as are prolonged, steady, soaking rains.  Large amounts of rain over short periods of time usually produce rapid runoff with possible flash flooding.  But we'll take rain in any form at this point. 

Birding Guide Nostalgia

When I first started birding, in 1976, I acquired Birds of North America, a Golden Field Guide by Chandler Robbins, et al.  For the first 10 years of my birding "career," it was my go-to guide and I studiously noted the date and place for my first sighting of each species.

As I became more experienced, I upgraded to "higher quality" and more up-to-date field guides, most of which I have since misplaced (i.e. lost).  Dusting off my original guide, I found that it is full of my personal history, documenting where I was at any given time over that decade.  Of course, it also harbors memorable sighting data and, more than any other book I own, is rewardingly nostalgic.

Only veteran birders will appreciate this old man's ramble but I strongly recommend that amateur birders (of whatever age) engage in the same habit of documentation.  You will be glad you did later in life. 

Controversy at Yellowstone

An article in The New York Times this week reports on disagreement regarding the benefits of wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park, especially since ecologic assessments have not always considered complicating factors such as the simultaneous reintroduction of beaver and a record surge in the number of bison.  Prior conclusions that the wolves, by reducing the elk population, have rescued the Park's varied ecosystems (especially riverine corridors) may be overly simplified.

Without getting into the details of the report, the issues seem to boil down to our inability to micromanage nature, especially when we establish unnatural boundaries and overwhelm the Parks with unbridled tourism.  Of course, allowing nature to define both the reintroduction process and the range of resident wildlife species would make the most sense but we humans prefer to establish the rules.

National Parks, however large, gradually become cageless zoos.  Animals that wander beyond the artificial borders of the Park, threaten livestock or injure human visitors are "culled."  Natural ecosystems cannot be confined or regulated. 

Writing & Honesty

Writers should (and usually do) express themselves honestly.  An exception may exist for those who write commercials or political speeches, in which case truth is beside the point.

Of course, this honesty is defined by the writer's own convictions, experience and knowledge; absolute truth is beyond our reach.  The honesty of a writer's essay, poem or story reflects their personal view of life; any effort to evade or disguise that connection is generally apparent to the reader.

Writing exposes the writer.  It is a vehicle of creative expression that flows from the heart and the mind.  To be effective, both the writer and the reader must trust the verity of its message.

Facing Truth on Earth Day

The initial Earth Day was on April 22, 1970, when I was approaching my 20th birthday.  There was a great deal of excitement and hope associated with that declaration, coming amidst the infancy of the Environmental Movement.

Fifty-four years later, the annual celebration continues, reminding conservation-minded individuals that the health of our planet depends on our protection and stewardship of its varied and interconnected ecosystems.  Unfortunately, the success of this project has been mixed, at best.

Habitat protection and anti-pollution efforts have dominated its focus; while public awareness of these issues has surely increased, both remain significant problems and, in some cases, have worsened (plastic pollution, for example).  And, while global warming was not on the public radar in 1970, it has become a major and worsening environmental crisis.  We humans voice our support for conservation measures with ease but action does not often follow.  Happy Earth Day to all!

See also: Earth Day  

Human Rights & Protests

Driving north through Alabama today, passing Jesus signs and Confederate flags, I thought about the Civil Rights Movement, which unfolded as I came of age.  Just a few years after that tumultuous period, I attended rallies and marches myself, protesting the Vietnam War.

Today, Alabama is among the Red States that have abolished the Reproductive Rights of Women, triggering marches and political action across the country; in concert, the inhumane treatment of innocent Palestinians in Gaza has fueled protests on campuses and in cities.  While violence and hate speech are never justified, peaceful protests are vital to American Democracy and must be permitted, even when they inconvenience the general populace.

Those of us who experienced the political upheaval of the Sixties and early Seventies understand that protests had a positive impact (however slow and incomplete) on human rights and governmental policies.  Though we now face different challenges, the cumulative effects of civil dissent, voting and legal action will lead to democratic solutions. 

Dowitchers and a Loon

On our last beach walk in South Florida, I encountered two species that I had not yet observed during this visit.   They were short-billed dowitchers and a single common loon.

About two dozen of the dowitchers were feeding along the shoreline, drilling into the wet sand for marine invertebrates.  They are on their way to northern Canada where they will nest in wooded bogs or wetlands, generally south of the Arctic tundra.

Just as we were leaving the beach, I noticed a common loon well offshore, resting on the calm Gulf waters.  Though I was a bit surprised that it was this far south so late in the spring, it was still on the local eBird checklist, a database far greater than my personal experience.  Today, we begin to head north ourselves. 

Sargassum on Longboat Key

As I reported in March of 2023, the "Sargassum Sea" has been expanding in the Atlantic Ocean, likely due to nitrogen pollutants and warmer sea waters.  While this algal seaweed is a natural component of Subtropical marine environments,  it can "soil" beaches and cause damage to reefs if its annual bloom is excessive.

For the beaches of South Florida, the period from April through July is generally the peak season for sargassum "landfalls."  Ocean currents, storms and prevailing winds determine which beaches will be most affected and, yesterday morning, we encountered the largest swath that we have ever observed on Longboat Key.  Since this long, narrow barrier island is angled from northwest to southeast, it is not surprising that the NW tip was the site of our discovery (see photo).

While humans may not be pleased with such an accumulation of seaweed, the shorebirds were clearly attracted to this nutritious windfall, scouring its surface for a wide variety of marine invertebrates and their eggs.  Ruddy turnstones, willets and sanderlings were the primary diners.

See: The Sargassum Belt 

Thoughts on Therapy Dogs

While I have long admired those who train dogs to assist persons with congenital or acquired disabilities, I must admit to some skepticism when it comes to the current explosion of "therapy dogs" in American society.

No doubt, certain individuals with severe social anxiety might benefit from having a calm dog at their side but airports, hotels, restaurants, gyms and other human gathering sites are now awash with these canines; indeed, they must be admitted by these establishments due to anti-discrimination laws.  On a recent visit to Denver International Airport, I saw dozens of therapy dogs (usually identified by a colorful vest), paraded down the concourse by their seemingly confident owners.

Just as happens with many other forms of medical and psychological treatment, the use of therapy dogs has become a cultural fad.  How many of these owners truly need a pooch at their side?  It is difficult to know for certain but I suspect, in many cases, the benefit extends well beyond the dog's calming effect. 

A Morning at Lido Key Beach

Lido Key Beach, off Sarasota, is one of the best locations along the west coast of Florida for birding, wildlife watching, shelling and walking.  Also popular for social gatherings, it can be a bit crowded on weekends.

On this sunny, warm morning, we walked the beach, my wife shelling while I, of course, surveyed the birdlife.  The usual mix of seabirds and shorebirds were observed but black-bellied plovers were especially abundant.  I counted 120 individuals, resting in flocks on the sand or hunting along the shoreline; these travelers were in various stages of molting to their attractive breeding plumage and will soon depart for the Arctic tundra.

My northern gannet watch continues without success during this visit to South Florida.  While the white adults have headed to breeding colonies in the North Atlantic, dark-brown juveniles often remain on wintering waters throughout the year.  Since they tend to stay well offshore, they are identified by their size, shape, flight pattern and their spectacular vertical dives for fish.  Alas, no sightings yet. 

A Pioneer Mangrove

As barrier islands along South Florida's Coast have been developed, large swaths of mangrove have been destroyed.  This has been unfortunate due to their important role in coast stabilization, habitat for sea bird rookeries, the protection of marine fisheries and, most recently, carbon capture.

At our condo development on Longboat Key, which dates from the late 1960s, coastal mangroves were destroyed though offshore mangrove islands remain intact along the margin of Sarasota Bay.  A few years ago, we noticed that a solitary red mangrove (photo) was growing in a rock pile along our sea wall; left alone, it has steadily grown and would spread if it were not at the edge of the boat channel (which will surely be kept open).

Mangroves spread by various propagules, including seeds, buds, roots and stem segments that float to nearby shallows and give rise to new growth.  Hopefully, the condo maintenance team will respect this pioneer plant and allow it to adorn the sea wall for many years to come.

A Birder's Church

Early on this beautiful Sunday morning in South Florida, we drove up to Leffis Key, one of the most popular and "productive" birding locations in Manatee County.  During our brief visit, the birding was fair but everyone we encountered was birding.

One might say it was a birding church, where members congregate to observe, respect and appreciate the natural world.  After all, most avid birders are naturalists and are thus devoted to naturalist philosophy.  Whether one believes in a God or not, what better way to acknowledge the wonders of life than to immerse ourselves in natural ecosystems.

Many humans choose to connect through public piety, finding solace in song, prayer and ritual.  Some of us are more inclined to find our common purpose in the beauty, diversity and welfare of nature. 

An Unexpected Visitor

Walking along the beach this morning, I encountered the usual mix of shorebirds and seabirds that inhabit or frequent Longboat Key.  Joining them was one unexpected visitor.

A barn swallow, more associated with open farm country, was skimming the dunes, searching for insects.  Of course, this traveler (like myself) is but a transient visitor to the barrier island, far more comfortable in terrestrial ecosystems.

Having wintered in Central or South America, barn swallows are common summer residents throughout most of North America; a circumpolar species, they also nest in Europe and Asia.  Well adapted to rural human communities, especially those near lakes and wetlands, barn swallows nest primarily beneath the eaves of buildings or under bridges.  This morning's traveler was the first I have seen this spring. 

Semi-Palmated Plovers

Among the thousands of shorebirds and seabirds at Whitney Beach (on Longboat Key) this morning, there were two semi-palmated plovers, at opposite ends of the strand.  I thus felt obliged to acknowledge their presence in a blog post.

Though more often seen in flocks during migration, this morning's loners are on their way to northern Canada or Alaska, where they breed.  Unlike many of their cousins, semi-palmated plovers prefer to nest and feed on graveled islands and sandbars in meandering Arctic rivers; their diet consists of insects, worms and other invertebrates.

These plovers winter along the coasts of North and South America; they migrate a bit later in spring than most shorebirds and may still be encountered in the American Heartland through early May.  Perhaps our paths will cross again. 

Gulf Coast Storm

A potent spring storm has been crawling eastward along the northern Gulf Coast over the past few days, producing severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, torrential rains and coastal flooding.  This morning, the heart of the system is in northern Florida and its trailing cold front is approaching the west coast of the Florida Peninsula.

A tornado watch has been issued for areas north of Tampa Bay and we expect thunderstorms to reach Longboat Key by early afternoon.  This morning, we enjoyed a short walk on the beach, buffeted by strong south winds ahead of the cold front.  Despite the rough surf, sanderlings raced ahead of the incoming waves, ruddy turnstones and willets scoured the wind-swept beach and a mixed squadron of brown pelicans, cormorants, gulls and terns fished on the roiling Gulf waters.

Attentive to weather warnings, we humans appropriately head for shelter until the storm passes.  Wildlife, always in survival mode, adapt to the changing conditions but remain active as long as possible; their lives depend on that resilience. 

Evening Bay Watch

Granted a calm, warm evening along Sarasota Bay, I opted for an hour of birdwatching.  Though the absolute number of sightings was relatively low, it was more than worth my time.

Sitting at the edge of the seawall, my attention first turned to a little blue heron, hunting in a swath of grass.  Fish crows noisily called from the nearby rooftops while a pair of magnificent frigatebirds soared silently above the bay.  Brown pelicans, double-crested cormorants, white ibis and red-breasted mergansers were the most abundant visitors but I also encountered small numbers of least and royal terns, yellow-crowned night herons, great egrets, tricolored herons and roseate spoonbills.

Just before returning to our condo,  I watched five manatees glide along the seawall, their rotund figures barely visible in the fading light.  More from Longboat Key in the coming days.

Closer to Home

While many of us prefer the mountains to the sea and though our own species evolved in the semi-arid Rift Valley of Africa, the sea is the homeland of all life, first appearing in her waters some 3.6 billion years ago.  Indeed, life was limited to the sea until about 440 million years ago, when the first terrestrial plants and animals began to inhabit the tidal flats.

Today, many humans live far from the sea and some never visit it during their lives.  Nevertheless, she is the Mother of all life and her realm is our homeland.  Perhaps it is our subconscious awareness of this fact that makes beach vacations and sea cruises so popular.

So, for the next two weeks, I am closer to home, one that I share with every person, mountain goat, cactus and earthworm on our Planet.  Sadly, we humans keep trashing it. 

Flashback Post LI

As millions of Americans gather to witness the total solar eclipse today, we are in South Florida, well southeast of its geographic path.  I have thus decided to relive and republish my eclipse experience from August of 2017.

See: Totality! 

Birding at 70 MPH

Birders who reside in or visit Florida know that many of the State's avian species, especially the larger ones, can be seen from a moving vehicle, even while traveling on the Interstates.  While not an ideal form of birding, it does help to pass the time when road trips are necessary.

Cattle egrets and sandhill cranes are often observed on the open fields and pastures while ospreys, bald eagles and vultures (both turkey and black) frequently soar overhead.  Ibis, wood storks, anhingas, roseate spoonbills, egrets and a variety of herons tend to cross your path and swallow-tailed kites may be observed strafing the roadside treetops.  Should your drive be close to the sea or large bays, you might also encounter brown pelicans, cormorants, magnificent frigatebirds and a host of gulls and terns.

I suppose it is best to keep your eyes on the road (and, for the record, I officially recommend it) but, as an avid birder for almost fifty years, I know that we reflexively identify any passing, airborne image. 

New Jersey's Earthquake

The Magnitude 4.8 earthquake near Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, on April 5, was caused by a rather shallow, intra-plate slip along an old fault.  Though not uncommon in the Eastern and Central U.S., any quake not along the Pacific Coast garners significant attention.

Indeed, major earthquakes in North America generally occur along the Continent's Pacific edge where remnants of the Farallon Plate are subducting beneath the North American Plate or (in Southern California) where the Pacific Plate is sliding past the North American Plate.  The North American Plate, itself, is forming along the mid-Atlantic Ridge and is thus creeping westward; the Eastern Coast of the U.S. is a Passive Margin, defined primarily by the level of the sea.

Nevertheless, old fractures, faults and sutures remain beneath that region, having formed when the Appalachians rose or when our Continent formed from smaller fragments of crust.  When pressure builds, likely from geologic events along the Pacific Coast, these old joints may slip or rupture, producing an earthquake and its subsequent aftershocks.

   

The Appeal of Rolling Terrain

Following several days in the Blue Ridge Mountains, it was a pleasure to travel south across the rolling terrain of Georgia's east-central Piedmont.  While I love to spend time in mountainous regions, driving through such geography can be a challenge.

More open, hilly terrain offers broader views and straighter roadways.  One can anticipate curves at a distance while also appreciating the lay of the land.  For those of us attuned to hydrology, we can more easily note the flow of the streams and rivers that we cross, "putting together" the overall landscape as we travel through it.  Of course, the scenic farmlands, woodlands and wetlands add to one's enjoyment of such regions and serve to complete the natural puzzle through which we move.

Flat desert landscapes, extensive plains and mountain corridors are both beautiful and fascinating; however, if I must drive, I'll choose to cover rolling terrain.  Tomorrow we'll leave the Piedmont and drop onto the flat Coastal Plain as we head for South Florida.  

A Walk on the A.T.

Since we are spending two days in the Blue Ridge Mountains of northern Georgia, we decided to take a hike on the Appalachian Trail.  Though we never managed to hike the entire route of the A.T., we have covered sections in several States over the years.

Our morning hike was from Woody Gap, on Route 60, to Preacher's Rock, a distance of just over 1 mile with an elevation gain of 460 feet.  From the large rock outcrop (elevation 3600 feet), one enjoys a broad view to the south (see photo).

It is always an honor to hike on that famous trail but one soon realizes that many others seek the opportunity as well.  While the trail itself was not congested, the parking lot was nearly full and we were joined by several groups atop the Rock.  The Appalachian Trail is not recommended for those seeking solitude (especially in popular day-hike areas). 

Along the Plateau's Edge

Chattanooga, Tennessee, spreads along and across the Tennessee River Valley.  Just west of that city, the high wall of the Appalachian Plateau marks the west edge of the Valley, where the River itself begins to wind through the Plateau's forested expanse.

It was along this abrupt change in topography that we visited two State nature preserves yesterday afternoon.  After winding up the steep edge of the Plateau and then zigzagging through attractive, upscale neighborhoods atop Signal Mountain, we finally located the Falling Waters Falls State Nature Sanctuary, where a short trail leads to the Creek's spectacular waterfall.  Unfortunately, low water in the creek diminished the falls but, from its crest, we enjoyed a broad view of the rock-rimmed valley below.

Even more scenic was our hike through the North Chickamauga Creek Gorge, a few miles farther north along the Plateau's edge.  There we followed the Creek upstream, passing and climbing atop massive slump blocks that have eroded from the cliffs to produce a ribbon of pools, riffles and rapids along the course of the beautiful, clear stream (see photo).  More from the Appalachians over the next few days.

   

The Impulse to Write

We writers need to write, just as runners need to run and musicians need to play.  It is a psychologic, if not emotional, impulse.

Those whose job requires daily essays likely find that their work fulfills that need, though many end up writing novels, nonfiction tomes or autobiographies as well.  Others, especially those who have signed agreements with publishers, are required to produce.  Then there are the rest of us.

Blogging fulfills my need to write but, as many bloggers find, subject matter does not always arrive on schedule.  Since we are generally unpaid scribes, we are not under the gun to publish our reports or opinions.  Nevertheless, the urge persists and we end up writing more than we release.  Indeed, bloggers may have a number of drafts waiting to be finished and published; many never see the light of day and are discarded.  Non-writers may feel this is a waste of time and effort but writers know better; we must satisfy a basic need.

See also:  The Therapeutic Nature of Writing 

Homesick Visitors

The homesick tune of white-throated sparrows is ringing through the neighborhood these days.  Pining for their Canadian homeland, they will head north by mid April, escaping the uncomfortable heat and humidity of a Midwestern spring.

In concert, large flocks of dark-eyed juncos are forming, preparing to move northward as well.  Their winter vacation at this "southern latitude" is also coming to an end and they will depart for Canada in the coming weeks.

In the wake of this seasonal departure, spring migrants and summer residents will arrive from the south, taking over the insect and weed control duties of our Canadian winter visitors.  I thank them for their service and wish all of them safe travels. 

Flashback Post L

On this Christian celebration of rebirth, I have decided to resurrect a post from March of 2008. 

See: Immortality 

A Field of Plovers

Arriving at Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area early this morning, I encountered a field full of shorebirds.  Numbering about 450 individuals, they were American golden-plovers, on their way to the Arctic tundra.

Among the long-distance migrants of the bird world, these travelers breed across the northernmost fringe of North America and "winter" in southern South America, enjoying long, summer days in both locations.  Most migrate southward over the Atlantic Ocean, flying direct to northern South America from Eastern Canada; during the spring migration, however, they move northward through the American Heartland, stopping to rest and feed on plowed fields or shortgrass prairie.

This avian spectacle was certainly the highlight of my visit to the Missouri River floodplain.  Other sightings included bald eagles, a river otter, American white pelicans, thousands of ducks and a lone short-eared owl (the first I have seen this year and soon to head north as well). 

Redbud Days

Redbud trees bloom across the American Midwest in late March and early April, offering patches of color in woodlands that have not yet recovered from their winter slumber.  The purple-pink flowers also contrast with the damp, gray weather that characterizes this period.

Members of the legume family, their early spring glory comes with a price.  Before long, abundant seed pods will festoon these small trees, releasing countless kernels of life that clog our gardens and flower beds with saplings.

Yet, we allow some of the offspring to grow, knowing that next spring, when we need them the most, their beauty will lift our spirits and restore our faith in nature's cycle of life.

See also: Bean Trees  

The Adulterer's Bible

Facing trial for covering up adultery with a porn star (while his wife was pregnant), Donald Trump is selling personally-endorsed Bibles to raise money for his legal expenses.  Also found liable for defaming a woman whom he sexually abused (i.e. raped), the Republican nominee for President was already financially stressed by a host of criminal indictments.

While I am not one to defend or sympathize with organized religions, I would think that Trump's Bible sale is a sacrilegious act in the eyes of American Christians, especially his Evangelical base.

Nonetheless, those devoted to Trump are clearly unfazed by any action he might take, however dark, criminal or insincere.  By doing so, they demonstrate the hypocrisy of religious zealotry itself. 

Ross's Geese at Eagle Bluffs

Driving through Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area with my grandson yesterday, we encountered a flock of small, white geese, lounging on a grass-covered levee.  They were Ross's geese, cute-looking cousins of snow geese.

Having wintered in the lower Mississippi Valley or along the western Gulf Coast, they were on their way to the Canadian Arctic, where they will nest and raise their young on the wind-swept tundra.  Farther west, Ross's geese winter in the Great Valley of California and on wetlands of the Desert Southwest.

Using our brief visit to introduce my grandson to various waterfowl species, these attractive migrants were a special treat for both of us.  Often missed when they mingle with massive flocks of snow geese, these travelers were kind enough to pose for our inspection. 

Terror in Russia

The killing of more than 130 Russians by ISIS terrorists evokes shock and sympathy across the globe.  After all, citizens of every country remain susceptible to the action of armed zealots.

Nevertheless, there are certainly mixed feelings when such an event occurs in countries that openly support terrorism.  Indeed, contrary to current evidence, Putin has blamed Ukraine for the attack, a country that he has been terrorizing for more than two years.

One is also inclined to be less sympathetic to victims who live under the thumb of dictators, wondering why they have not taken action to protect human rights and their personal freedom.  Of course, they would do so at significant risk to themselves and their families; Alexei Navalny courageously proved that point.   As we Americans drift toward the loss of our own Democracy, we might soon understand their reluctance.  Vote Democratic! 

Equinox Chorus

Since returning to our Littleton, Colorado, farm over two weeks ago, the resident birdlife has seemed to be rather scarce and unusually quiet.  Perhaps they sensed the coming snowstorm that arrived last week.

But now that we have passed the spring equinox, which occurred late last evening, they were especially active and noisy this morning.  House finches, chickadees and dark-eyed juncos were the most numerous members of the chorus while northern flickers, blue jays, magpies and spotted towhees were most strident; background vocals were provided by white-breasted and red-breasted nuthatches, robins and intermittent flocks of Canada geese.

Scheduled to return to Missouri tomorrow, I was reassured by this morning's performance.  All seems well on the farm.  

Crisis in Southern California

A friend of mine, who owns property in San Diego, enlightened me on an ongoing environmental and public health crisis along the southernmost coast of California.  Each year, 10 billion gallons of raw sewage (residential and industrial) enters the Pacific Ocean via the Tijuana River.  A known and increasing problem for almost a Century, this pollution has not been significantly addressed by either the Mexican or U.S. Governments.

Spreading northward along the Imperial and Coronado Beaches, the marine pollution poses a health threat to humans and wildlife alike; indeed, these scenic beaches are now officially closed most of the time due to hazardous levels of bacteria in the water.  Though not documented, one can imagine that industrial chemicals also pose a threat, contaminating the water, sand and air.

When we learn that neighboring Governments cannot cooperate to remedy a local, fixable disaster, it is hard to imagine that humans can adequately address global crises such as climate change.  For a concise overview of this tragic scenario, including its medical, environmental and economic consequences, watch The Big Dump documentary on YouTube. 

Red Fox Duo

Yesterday, I looked out our kitchen window and saw two red fox, wrestling on a remnant patch of snow.  Since we have hosted an adult female on our Littleton farm for several years, I assume she has found a mate and that we can expect a gang of kits by May.

Red fox usually mate in February and kits are born in the den by early April.  Requiring close protection for several weeks, they generally will not emerge from the den for a month.  By then, they are partly feeding on kills brought back by the male but are still nursing.  Since mom has decimated our cottontail population, dad may have to wander a bit to feed the family. 

The youngsters' "cute phase" lasts for a couple months; by mid summer, they take on a gangly, teenage frame and are far more skittish.  I look forward to watching the kits romp about the farm; none will likely survive more than 4-5 years but the females may have kits of their own by next year. 

A Warning from Massachusetts

Losing most of their beach to erosive storms over the past few years, residents of Salisbury Beach, Massachusetts, paid nearly $600,000 to create dunes with 15,000 tons of sand.  Within a few days of its completion, powerful waves washed most of that barrier out to sea.

This sad saga will surely be replicated across the globe as sea levels rise and global warming intensifies storms that lash our coastlines.  While regular beach "re-nourishment" may slow the destruction, it will be a losing battle in most areas.  Sturdy, high seawalls and the restoration of coastal marshlands may be the only realistic options.

As we have also recently observed along the Pacific coast, living atop sea cliffs is just as dangerous when powerful waves and torrential rain undermine and erode the steep terrain.  Climate change will force all but the very wealthy to abandon floodplains and coastal areas.  The first step is to stop building in those high risk zones.  

Flowers in the Snow

As the recent snow begins to recede, the first flowers of spring are demonstrating their resilience.  Blue scilla, vinca and grape hyacinths are, as usual, the early bloomers.

More than agents of beauty, these pioneers offer reassurance that life endures after a long, cold winter.  Of course, there are other signs, including clumps of greenery (grass, wild onions), swollen buds and a riot of activity (invertebrates) beneath the leaf litter.

But we humans yearn for bright color after enduring the grays and browns of winter and this vanguard of wildflowers is especially welcome.  Fueled by the intense Colorado sun, this recovery will accelerate over the coming weeks.  Then again, intermittent spring snowstorms will persist into early May (if not longer) along the Front Range. 

Science, Spirituality & Religion

Throughout the course of this Blog, I have often opined on the battle between science and religion.  Science, fueled by theories and experimentation, strives to learn the truth while religion, based on dogma and faith, purports to know the truth.

Spirituality, it seems, represents a middle ground between science and religion, encompassing the unexplained, the imagined and the mysterious.  Science is inclined to attribute spirituality to the cerebral and emotional nature of humans; in other words, it is a product of our large, complex brains, influenced by hormones and other chemical mediators.  Religion, on the other hand, accepts spirituality as the manifestation of God, thereby lending credence to the tenets of faith.

Agnostics, myself included, lean toward the scientific explanation while retaining an interest in and respect for the unexplained.  While spirituality may offer an emotional crutch when facing, hardship, tragedy or mortality, it is free of the rigid standards imposed by either science or religion.  Indeed, it is a highly personal aspect of life and one wonder's if we are the only species to sense its presence; perhaps it is the essence of life itself.  

White Gold

Yellow gold drew European pioneers to Colorado; white gold allowed them to stay.  Indeed, the mountain snowpack has fueled explosive "development" along the Front Range urban corridor.  Whether climate change will significantly diminish that resource is not yet known.

This morning, we find ourselves in the midst of a snowstorm, likely the most persistent to impact Metro Denver in years.  Despite the inconvenience it might cause, the precipitation is always welcome in this dry ecosystem, especially in early spring. 

Sweeping Gulf of Mexico moisture across the Great Plains and into the Front Range, the storm initially dropped rain which changed to snow overnight.  Here in Littleton, we have received about 8 inches so far and expect up to another foot over the next 24 hours.  If so, we'll reach our average snowfall for the month of March.  We'll take every inch we can get.

Wealth, Society & Conservation

While some wealth is inherited, most accrues due to a good education, hard work, appropriate budgeting, creativity and thoughtful investing.  Nevertheless, personal wealth has a negative image in many segments of society, especially among those who, for whatever reason, have not been able to take advantage of the building blocks listed above.

Wealth affords many advantages to those who have achieved it.  Personal freedom is perhaps most evident: the choice where to live, how to live and what to experience are especially rewarding.  But individual wealth also benefits society as a whole; indeed, philanthropy has become especially important in this era of Government dysfunction.  Social support programs, conservation organizations, international relief networks and cultural enrichment centers are all highly dependent on private funding.

Personal wealth, in and of itself, is not a problem for society.  While one may argue whether our taxation system is fair, the negative effects of wealth result more from over-consumption, a scourge that places stress on natural ecosystems and, thus, on the health of our planet. 

The Curse of Envy

We humans are prone to envy.  Celebrity, wealth, talent and perceived happiness are among the traits that trigger this unfortunate reaction.  But what is really true?  What do we actually know about these individuals?

Unless they are close friends or immediate family members, it is likely that we know very little.  Too often, we envy others, only to find out about their personal trials and tribulations in an expose or obituary.  Even then, can we truly appreciate how difficult or unhappy their life might had been?

One thing is certain: envy itself invokes unhappiness.  Comparing ourselves to others, however limited our knowledge, is both futile and unhealthy.  Our time and energy are better spent improving our own life, especially our relationships.

Mulching Days

Granted a mild, sunny weekend and knowing that our next spring snowstorm is just a few days away, it seemed like a good time to spread some mulch.  Fortunately, we have a massive pile of mulch on our Littleton farm, having accumulated over 33 years of running dead limbs through a chipper; we produce more than we use each year.

Though we are letting the farm naturalize, we must protect young trees, shrubs and flower bed from damage when our "lawns" and pastures are mowed.  As any gardener knows, the mulch also helps to retain moisture in the soil, a significant benefit in this semi-arid climate.  Frankly, I enjoy mulching; it affords plenty of exercise but can be accomplished gradually.  I often stop to check out new spring growth or, of course, to watch the birdlife.

During my labors today, I was fortunate to be joined by a cheerful flock of bushtits.  Soon to pair off and raise their new offspring, they seemed to be enjoying the pleasant weather as much as I was.  I appreciated both their company and their kind excuse for a break. 

Old People

Older individuals, of which I am one, know our limitations.  Statistically, we are closer to death though accidents and a wide spectrum of disease affect all age groups.  In that respect, we old people have been lucky.

Older persons possess the benefits of experience and perspective.  In general, we know when to seek assistance and are more than willing to do so.  Though the term wisdom is perhaps an exaggeration, a long life does impart knowledge that is accessible only in books or on video to those in younger generations.  Having lived through multiple decades, political upheavals, cultural shifts and social movements, old people assess and approach current problems in the light of our personal history.

Unless older individuals are demented and even if we are physically infirm, we have a lot to offer.  More than giving advice and telling our stories, we can provide leadership, especially when surrounded by capable lieutenants and assistants.  Agism is just another form of discrimination; like the others, it is based on ignorance.   

Waiting on Snow

The latest Pacific storm system is moving eastward across the Southern Plains, soon to unleash thunderstorms across Texas and most of the Southeast.  On the "backside" of the storm, we expect a mix of rain and snow along the Front Range urban corridor, changing to all snow overnight.  Unfortunately, only a few inches of snow are predicted for Metro Denver.

March is the snowiest month along the Front Range and we are off to a slow start.  Fortunately, the mountain snowpack (our primary water source) is decent but lower elevation ecosystems rely on spring snowstorms.  Indeed, April is our second snowiest month.

Currently, snow is falling across the Plains of Northeastern Colorado but has not yet backed into the Front Range cities.  On radar, the central low is a bit too far south to maximize upslope conditions for the Metro Area and it appears that the forecast may be accurate.  Then again, slight wind shifts can produce dramatic effects in this region; we'll know by morning.

Encouragement in Life

On our journey through life, we take note of interests and talents in those around us, especially in friends, students and family members.  In my opinion, it is incumbent on us to offer our encouragement.

Too often, we assume that others will step in or that the individual will move ahead without our input.  But other social pressures might intervene, especially when financial concerns or personal biases come into play.  As I have discussed in a previous post, this is often the case when creativity is suppressed by one's superiors.

Our encouragement may or may not be instrumental (or even accepted) but holding back benefits no one.  Indeed, the willingness to offer encouragement rewards both the recipient and the "mentor;" I'm sure many of us can recall at least a few episodes in our lives when our active encouragement was both effective and personally satisfying.  And we might also remember that the encouragement of a friend, teacher, or family member actually changed our life. 

Cold Thunderstorms

Tuning into the Weather Channel last evening, I watched their coverage of thunderstorms with intense lightning crossing southeastern Wisconsin, where the ground temperature was only in the low 40s F.  Since we generally associate thunderstorm development with warm, humid weather, this scenario might seem confusing.

Since warm air rises and cold air sinks, most thunderstorms develop when warm, humid air at the surface rises into colder air aloft; this convection is often facilitated by an approaching cold front that augments the lift.  Thunderstorms that develop in cold weather can be attributed to one of two conditions: when even colder air sits above the surface air (often producing thunder and lightning during snowstorms) or when warmer air overrides cold air at the surface.  In the latter circumstance, the thunderstorms are said to be "elevated" since the convection develops as the warm middle layer interacts with cold air above it.  Rain that is produced by these elevated storms is often mixed with hail (as occurred last evening).

While the most powerful thunderstorms, sometimes producing tornados, usually develop on hot, humid days, cold thunderstorms can also produce damage as strong, cold downdrafts develop within the storms.  Watch for these elevated thunderstorms when warm fronts push northward into colder air at the surface. 

Distant Snow

Anyone who has traveled westward across the Great Plains of North American likely remembers their first glimpse of the snow-covered Front Range.  Though I have experienced that scenery dozens, if not hundreds, of times, it still produces an emotional response, offering reassurance that I am nearing the landscape of my soul.

Native Americans likely had a similar response as they gazed upon a source of abundant game and clear water beyond the dry ecosystem of the Plains.  No doubt, the wagon train pioneers regained a sense of hope from the scene, having endured a long, perilous journey across exposed terrain.

Even today, modern travelers take in the view from the comfort of their speeding vehicle, focused primarily on getting to the mountain resorts and campgrounds.  Those of us enamored with geology and ecology know that the fabulous vista is far more significant. 

Vanguard of Swallows

Heading west on Interstate 70 today, I encountered a large flock of tree swallows circling above the Saline River in Salina, Kansas.  The first I have seen this year, tree swallows are always among the first summer birds to appear in the Heartland each spring.  No doubt, this flock took advantage of the strong south winds that buffeted my pickup from central Missouri to central Kansas.

Since tree swallows winter across the southern border of the U.S., they arrive earlier than their cousins, which spend the colder months in Central or South America.  Indeed, eastern phoebes are generally the only summer resident to appear earlier, often by late February.

Highlighting an otherwise uneventful road trip (so far), the swallows were a welcome sight, offering assurance that, despite human impact on Earth's climate, the seasons remain intact.  Of course, that might not be the case for long.

Access Restored

For the first time since mid October, a friend and I were able to explore all of Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area this morning.  Restrictions related to duck hunting and wintering waterfowl habitat were lifted yesterday; all roads and trails are now open.

On our morning tour, under clear skies, we encountered 27 avian species, dominated by 150 American white pelicans and thousands of ducks (primarily mallards but a good number of northern shovelers, northern pintails and green-winged teal as well).  A flock of greater white-fronted geese stopped by, joined by two snow geese, and the usual mix of winter songbirds were observed.  Raptors were limited to red-tailed and red-shouldered hawks; for the first time in quite a while, no bald eagles were encountered, despite the influx of waterfowl.

I will be out at our Littleton, Colorado, farm for most of the month but anticipate a return to Eagle Bluffs in late March.  By then, thousands of American coot and blue-winged teal will grace the refuge and early shorebirds will be racing along the mudflats. 

Hawk Hysteria

Over the past two weeks, our resident red-shouldered hawk has been zooming about the neighborhood, shrieking loudly.  More vocal than most buteos, this male is declaring its territory as the breeding season begins.

Red-shouldered hawks are common throughout the eastern half of the U.S.; most are permanent residents in their region but those that summer across more northern latitudes migrate southward in winter.  Unlike their larger, red-tailed cousins, which favor open country, these medium-sized buteos prefer wooded areas, especially along streams and wetlands.  Hunting from a perch, they drop to snare rodents, snakes, lizards or frogs.

Our local hawk is commonly observed throughout the year, most often noticed when flocks of crows or blue jays gather to harass it.  Now, as the days lengthen and the mating season arrives, he creates his own disturbance. 

Supreme Injustice

Yesterday, the U.S. Supreme Court belatedly announced that they will hear arguments on April 22 whether Trump can be prosecuted for his role in the January 6th Insurrection, thereby potentially delaying the trial until after the 2024 Election.  In other words, Americans may be asked to vote before knowing if Trump will be convicted; worse yet, should Trump win the election, he could cancel the indictment.

Once again, Trump is not being treated like other Americans, many of whom are already serving long sentences for their role on January 6.  This politicized Court, whatever it eventually decides, is facilitating Trump's delay tactics.

Perhaps it is appropriate that their decision was released on the same day that Senator Mitch McConnell emotionally announced that he will retire in November.  It was McConnell who blocked President Obama's nomination of Merrick Garland to the Supreme Court, clearing the way for Trump to stack the Court with Conservative Justices.

Protect our Democracy.  Vote Democratic!  

Art & Criticism

Within the Animal Kingdom, we humans are unique in a number of ways.  One of the more significant features of our species is that we produce art.

Art is creative expression that encompasses a wide variety of forms: music, painting, sculpture, writing, dance and design, to name just a few.  Unlike science, which develops from facts, theories and experimentation, art evolves in the mind of its creator; though it might be influenced by the work of others, it is the unique product of that artist.  And while its appeal may be widespread or limited, its value to our culture is less easily defined and may not be readily apparent.

Nevertheless, judgment is bestowed, either by a "professional critic" or by the consumer.  Whatever the verdict, all art evokes emotion, from disgust to admiration and from apathy to inspiration; in that respect, it reflects human diversity.  Fear of criticism may suppress creativity while freedom of expression fuels it.  

Thoughts on Pickleball

A pickleball craze has spread across America, especially among older individuals and non-athletes.  It gets people off the couch and offers socialization for those who join pickleball teams and clubs.  Furthermore, this new "sport" has been a sales boom for retailers.

Though I have never played the game and have only been a casual observer, pickleball appears to offer limited exercise for most participants; it certainly cannot be compared to tennis.  While increasing the risk of sore muscles and sprained ankles for otherwise sedentary individuals, I doubt that it yields significant aerobic benefits.  

I applaud the effort to get some exercise and acknowledge the importance of socialization but a good walk is likely better for your health.  Too often, we equate exercise with organized sports and special equipment.

Flashback Post XLIX

Since I have been writing this Blog for over 17 years, I understand that many of the posts have been relegated to history, lost in the Archive and never to be read again.  While I am still involved, I feel obliged to revive some of them, especially those that, I hope, might influence readers and society as a whole.  One of these was published just two years ago, in April of 2022.

See: Dementia & Empathy 

Heartland Heat Wave

A dome of high pressure has settled over the Heartland, bringing warm, dry air and clear skies.  Here in Missouri, we expect afternoon highs in the mid 70s F to low 80s F over the next few days.

Highs across the Southern Plains will push into the 90s F and strong, clockwise winds around the rim of the dome will fuel the risk of wildfires; most of eastern Colorado is currently under of red flag warning.

This heat wave, producing high temperatures 20 degrees F above "normal" will end with a bang. Thunderstorms, some severe and harboring tornados, will develop as a cold front pushes down from the northwest.  After a high near 80 F on Tuesday, we expect a high in the low 40s F on Wednesday.  Once again, dramatic temperature swings and intense storms are becoming the norm as our climate warms. 

Criminal Malpractice in Florida

Facing a measles outbreak in an elementary school, the Surgeon General of Florida declined to recommend vaccination for all children and advised parents that it was their decision whether to send their unvaccinated children to school.  Of course, like his stance against mRNA Covid vaccines, these policies contradict recommendations from the CDC and other Public Health Organizations.

Appointed by Governor DeSantis, Dr. Ladapo, the Surgeon General, is following the anti-science, "anti-woke" stance of that Conservative Republican Government.  But when a trusted public official disseminates misinformation about vaccines and infectious diseases, he is, in my opinion, committing a criminal offense.  Innocent, unvaccinated children may suffer severe complications from measles, including neurologic deficits, hearing loss, encephalitis and even death.

When politics and religion invade the realm of science, unnecessary suffering, illness and death often result.  Unfortunately, it is usually the poor, the uneducated and the innocent who are the victims. 

Migrant Pelicans Arrive

On this bright, cool, February morning, I encountered the first flock of American white pelicans that I have observed at Eagle Bluffs this year.  Having wintered on bays along the Gulf Coast, they are on their way to lakes and wetlands across the Northern Plains, where they will breed.

This morning's flock numbered about 75 individuals, huddled along the shore of a lake.  As the air began to warm, the pelicans soared above the floodplain, their white plumage reflecting the brilliant sunlight.  Having split into two flocks, they may remain at Eagle Bluffs for a few days or circle northward through the Missouri River Valley.

Joining these beautiful migrants, five bald eagles also graced the scene, spooking flocks of waterfowl as they cruised about the refuge.  The spring awakening is certainly underway and we can expect a steady increase in avian visitors over the next few months. 

Snows in the Warm Sunshine

Sitting on our back deck on this warm, sunny afternoon, I heard the distant calls of snow geese.  As their calls grew more intense, I caught sight of the flock, numbering about 180 individuals.

Heading northwest, the geese will likely follow the Missouri River upstream, stopping to rest and feed at one of the many refuges spaced along its valley.  Other flights and rest stops will follow as they make their way to the Arctic tundra.

Of course, the sight of snow geese on such a warm day was ironic but an experience that will become more common as our climate warms.  Eventually, these majestic travelers may not migrate this far south, a tragic loss for all who have come to anticipate their awe-inspiring flights.

Questions for Young Women

As an old, white male, I am unaffected by the recent decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court and Red State Courts.  But I do wonder how young women are responding to these rulings.

Are they willing to attend college, start a family or accept a new job in a State that outlaws abortion, restricts care in obstetrical emergencies and might soon eliminate access to birth control? Just this week, Alabama has ruled that embryos are children, thereby complicating infertility management.  Have young women thought about these risks before making their commitments?

Of course, wealthy women can generally travel to Blue States to receive their care though emergency obstetrical intervention does not afford time for such an option.  Furthermore, one wonders why corporations choose to locate in Red States, thereby condoning inadequate care for their female employees.  Perhaps we will witness the political response to my questions in the 2024 Election.  

Wild Onion Greenery

Following a week of relatively mild weather, clumps of wild onion have emerged across our lawns, offering early spring greenery; they will soon be joined by dandelions and wild violets.

Native to eastern and central North America, these perennials are easily identified by their strong onion odor.  The leaves emerge from underground bulbs, festooned with rootlets; a rigid, central stem rises in summer and showy domes of pink or white flowers adorn its tip from mid summer to mid autumn.

No doubt, suburbanites enamored with pristine lawns are annoyed by the appearance of these plants.  On the other hand, all parts of the wild onion are edible and a quick scan of the internet turned up more culinary articles than those devoted to control recommendations. 

Shorter is Better

Throughout the life of this Blog, I have often opined on my conviction that short forms of communication are most effective.  Indeed, that personal belief underlies the evolution of my posts to the three-short-paragraphs format.

While novels or long essays may be informative and/or entertaining, we generally only remember certain portions of the text.  Short stories and brief essays are more easily remembered but their specifics may be lost over time.  Poems, if brief and inspiring, are often recalled in total by the reader, especially when revisited frequently.  But the most effective and long-lasting form of communication is the quote, often becoming part of the National or International lexicon; I suppose signs might also compete for that title.

Once again, my preference for short fiction, brief essays and succinct poems is evident but it is hard to argue that a message is best delivered when buried in reams of prose.

Addendum:  Having re-read this post a few days later, as is my practice, I realized that I should have included song lyrics as an effective, short form of communication.  When combined with a pleasing melody, their message is easily received and long remembered.  

Policies, not Age

Though I hoped that President Biden would settle for a single term and hand the reins of the Democratic Party to a younger generation, that is not to be.  Nevertheless, he is an experienced, thoughtful and empathetic leader who surrounds himself with highly qualified Cabinet Members and advisors.

The concerns about his age are primarily related to his candidacy and overlook his many achievements as President.  Going forward, I hope that the majority of Americans will focus on Biden's policies which, compared to Trump's rhetoric, are the essential reasons to support his candidacy.  Democracy, human rights, gun control, reproductive rights and environmentalism top the list in my opinion.

Trump, only a few years younger than Biden and showing signs of cognitive decline himself, is focused solely on his own welfare and power.  He is an incompetent and dangerous narcissist leading a cult of revenge.  Hopefully, most Americans will look past the age issue and concentrate on the many serious problems that confront our country and our planet.  

In Navalny's Name

On this day of Alexei Navalny's death in a Russian prison, we must take up his commitment to democracy and human rights.  One of the few outspoken critics of Putin and his regime, Navalny lived under the threat of assassination, which surely occurred today; he was only 47 years old.

As the majority of the Republican Party swear their allegiance to Donald Trump and, by extension, to Vladimir Putin, it is imperative that we honor Navalny by openly supporting the causes for which he gave his life.  Trump has long expressed his admiration for Putin and other dictators and, with the help of his political colleagues, hopes to join their club. 

Republicans are willing to sacrifice American Democracy for their own political power.  In Navalny's name, we must reject their selfish and destructive policies.  Vote Democratic! 

Trial Run at Eagle Bluffs

On this cool, sunny morning in the Missouri River Valley, I encountered a trial run of spring at Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area.  Not yet into the heart of the migration season, my limited expectations were met.

Waterfowl were present but in rather small flocks; fifty gadwall led the count, followed by 35 Canada geese and a handful of shovelers, ring-necked ducks, mallards and green-winged teal.  Raptors dominated the scene, including several bald eagles, red-tailed hawks and red-shouldered hawks.  Other sightings included ring-billed gulls, killdeer, horned larks, eastern bluebirds, American tree sparrows and a host of common woodpeckers and songbirds.

I bided my time, hoping to encounter flocks of migrant geese or American white pelicans, but they did not show.  The action at this floodplain refuge should increase significantly over the next few weeks and I will return to witness the spectacle (and, of course, to report on that experience). 

Crossing the Path of Migrants

Traveling east across the Great Plains today, I encountered multiple flocks of migrant geese, all heading toward their Arctic breeding grounds.  Most were greater white-fronted geese though some were snows.

While my journey was planned and tied to several duties over the next two weeks, their migration is purely instinctual.  Indeed, their primary rest stops are imprinted as well, though weather conditions often disrupt their schedule.

Always inspired by these hardy travelers, I was honored to cross their path on this bright February afternoon.  In their wake, spring will gradually unfold across the Heartland. 

Juncos in the Sunshine

Now that the intense Colorado sun has cleared the recent heavy snow from our "lawns," dark-eyed juncos have emerged from their storm shelters to scour the farm for "weed seeds."  Fortunately, we always have a large and varied crop.

Represented by three races (gray-headed, slate-gray and Oregon) the juncos feed primarily on the ground, climbing onto residual snow banks to snare seeds from thickets and shrubs.  As they enjoy the bounty in the warm sunshine, they have little to fear but the occasional kestrel or Cooper's hawk.

Unaware (or perhaps not) of another approaching storm, they still have a few hours to fill their bellies.  We expect snow by evening which is forecast to continue for 24 hours.  Easily the most abundant winter songbirds on our property, the hardy juncos hail from Canada or from the nearby mountains and are thus unfazed by recurrent snowstorms.   

The Wealth Gap Widens

We seldom hear from the ultra-wealthy.  Political elections and tax season often prompt their opinion; they might also make the news if their yacht sinks in a hurricane or if they insist on building a mansion on protected land.  Of course, during Super Bowl Week, a shortage of private jets may raise their ire.

They have certainly done well during Biden's "weak economy" and cities capture some of their wealth with exclusive, "close-in" parking lots and convenient express lanes on the clogged highways.  Airlines, long drawing income from first class seating, now milk the public with early-boarding fees.  Yes, there are plenty of perks out there for those who won't miss the spare change.

No doubt, many wealthy individuals are very generous with their money and, as a fiscal conservative, I support capitalist principles.  But the income gap between executives and workers has become obscene.  Our society needs a dash of socialism now and then.  Vote Democratic! 

Empathy, Imagination & Experience

Empathy is the capacity to imagine the suffering of others even when we have not personally experienced such an event.  While most humans are capable of empathy, our response to that emotion varies widely.

Of course, those who have endured similar pain tend to be most empathetic.  Individuals who have personally experienced gun violence, discrimination, sexual abuse, complicated pregnancies or other tragedies easily identify with the suffering of those victims.  Persons and families fortunate to be untainted by such experiences are often less inclined to support laws designed to circumvent these problems or to deal with them in a fair and humane way.

The American political scene seems to represent this divide: those empathetic to the plight of others versus those more focused on their individual beliefs and needs.  Donald Trump, clearly incapable of empathy, has a firm grip on the latter group. 

Atmospheric Rivers

As storms (low pressure systems) move west to east across the country, we can usually identify a long "tail" of thunderstorms or heavy precipitation that curves southward and then southwestward from the center of low pressure.  This is the clash zone between warm, humid air to the east and drier, cooler air to the west.  In the Northern Hemisphere, winds swirl counterclockwise around the storm's center and thus move northward and northeastward ahead of the trailing front.

Along the Pacific Coast of the U.S., these winds pull in copious moisture from the ocean; when the low pressure is especially intense, this flow (referred to as an atmospheric river) can drop prodigious amounts of lowland rain and mountain snow on the Coastal States.  Furthermore, if the storm is stationary or slow moving, extensive flooding may occur; as our climate and oceans warm, these events will likely become increasingly severe.

Such a scenario is currently developing off the California Coast, near San Francisco.  The storm is intense enough to justify a Hurricane Warning with winds expected to gust over 70 mph atop the highlands. As the storm comes ashore, the plume of moisture will move southward, from the Bay Area to Southern California.  Widespread, severe flooding is expected.

See also: The Pineapple Express 

The Pacific Storm Arrives

After flooding Southern California with torrents of rain, the latest Pacific Storm moved into the Four Corners region yesterday, dropping snow across the higher terrain.  Following a week of warm, sunny weather along the Colorado Front Range, the effects of the storm arrived here last night, bringing rain to Metro Denver.

Now centered over Southeastern Colorado, the storm's cold front has ignited a band of thunderstorms across the Southern Plains and that plume of Gulf moisture is now directed toward the Front Range.  Since it is currently arriving from the southeast and since cold air behind the storm has not yet invaded the urban corridor, the precipitation is still in the form of rain.

However, as the storm drifts eastward, the winds and their cargo of moisture will shift from the northeast, producing a classic upslope flow into the Denver region.  Rain will likely mix with snow by this afternoon, changing to all snow overnight.  We currently expect anywhere from 1 to 6 inches, depending on the duration and intensity of that upslope flow. 

Flashback Post XLVIII

On this annual rite of silliness, I thought I might revive my post from February 2, 2015.  If nothing else, it expresses my admiration for an entertaining and thoughtful movie.

See: Lessons from Groundhog Day

The Tide of Spring

Contrary to traditional definitions of Spring, it is not a confined season that begins on March 1 or on the spring equinox.  In reality, it is a gradual transition from winter to summer and its earliest events begin by late January.

The nesting of great horned owls is one of those early events and the process gradually accelerates through February.  Many small mammals mate during this month; indeed, cottontails generally produce their first litter before February ends.  Magpies and some hawks engage in courtship behavior, migrant geese head north, bird song intensifies and many bulb plants bloom during this first full month of spring.

Sure, some of the heaviest snowstorms and strongest Nor'easters occur in February but the higher sun and longer days gradually take a toll on winter's grip.  Crocuses and hyacinths in sun-exposed areas offer the first convincing evidence for many suburbanites but those attuned to nature's magnificent diversity take note of spring far earlier. 

Mr. Reliable

I did not see him on our most recent visit to Littleton and thought he might have left when the snow and Arctic air arrived.  Then, since my return, three days ago, he remained absent despite the mild weather.  Finally, he turned up this afternoon.

I was sitting in the sun, enjoying the January warmth when he appeared.  Neither of us said a word when he dropped in but it was clear he had come for a drink.  After sipping for a while, he was off again, disappearing behind the house.

He visits every winter, always alone, finding what he needs at the farm.  Aptly named, this solitaire is as reliable as the season itself.

See also: Return of the Solitaire 

Squabble in the Night

Last night, I was awakened at 3 AM by a high-pitched squabble behind our farmhouse.  I knew from past experience that it was a pair of raccoons.

It was a friendly squabble, not an aggressive encounter between two males.  Indeed, it is mating season for the raccoons and we can soon expect to observe the mother and her kits as they explore the property; the father plays no role in raising the young and has probably already moved on.

As cute as they are, less than half of the young raccoons will likely survive the year, succumbing to predation, starvation or vehicle traffic.  Meanwhile, as long as they stay out of our attic, the family will be welcome on the farm; I hope that she will den in the barn but raccoons are smart creatures and they prefer heated structures in this pleasant but fickle Front Range climate. 

Back in the Sunshine

After a month of frigid air, cloudy skies and various forms of precipitation across most of the country, brilliant sunshine and dry, crystal-clear air bathes the Colorado Front Range today.  We expect an afternoon high near 60 degrees F; even better, the mild conditions are expected to last through the week.

Of course, such warm winter respites are common here, often developing a day or two after heavy snowstorms.  Indeed, an alternating pattern of snow and mild, sunny weather often persists into early May along the Front Range urban corridor.

We all welcome sunshine in winter but tend to tire of it quickly during the heat of summer.  Though the sun has fueled the evolution of almost all life on Earth (humans included), its intensity is often falsely blamed for global warming.  In fact, global sunshine has not changed; rather, it is our pollution of the atmosphere, leading to heat retention, that is responsible for climate change.

 

Restless Geese

Heading west once again, I encountered numerous flocks of Canada geese in western Missouri and eastern Kansas.  Despite the cold, cloudy, misty weather, the geese seemed energized, circling in the air or heading off in various directions.

I assumed that their restlessness was related to their pending migration (at least for some of them).  Responding to the lengthening daylight, they must sense their upcoming journey.  Even the permanent residents must experience this genetic tug, imbedded in their genome long before humans enticed them to stay in the American Heartland.

Farther along, the skies cleared and I encountered large flocks of migrant geese west of Salina and east of Hays.  Too distant to identify with certainty, they were likely greater white-fronted geese (dark in coloration but too small to be Canadas).  Spring comes early for wild geese, especially for those that breed in the Arctic. 

Public Displays of Dementia?

While Trump's mesmerized legions cling to his vindictive rhetoric and his political cronies offer their support to retain power, many Americans impatiently wait for criminal convictions to derail his re-election campaign.  But nature may be offering her own solution.

Trump's recent public ramblings and overt signs of confusion may be early evidence of dementia.  Some suggest that these episodes merely reflect the stress of his legal problems but stress does not cause dementia.  Rather, signs of cognitive decline are often first evident during stressful periods.

Cynics might suggest that talk of dementia is a political ploy and most of Trump's followers will surely try to ignore his confusion.  But, while family and friends attempt to shield celebrities from public scrutiny as dementia develops, those relying on Trump can only offer excuses.  Nature may sink their ship before the justice system does.  

Crossing Soggy Terrain

After a week of Arctic air, snow and, finally, a glaze of ice, southerly winds are warming central Missouri, ushering Gulf moisture into the Heartland.  On this cool, misty morning, I decided to witness the effects of these atmospheric shifts on the farmlands east of Columbia.

There, shrouded in fog, I crossed soggy terrain where massive flocks of robins and blackbirds scoured the fields; foraging near the road, smaller flocks of killdeer and horned hawks circled into the mist as my pickup approached.  The dense fog limited my views though I did observe a northern harrier, hunting low above the snow-laden crop stubble.

The sudden warm-up and damp scene made it look and feel more like early March than late January.  But we'll take the respite and its soaking rains.  After all, this region remains in a drought and the spring waterfowl will soon return. 

Clouds of Longspurs

Crossing the frozen, snow-covered Plains today, I witnessed large, swirling clouds of longspurs; though I could not identify their species as we raced along the Interstate, they were most likely Lapland longspurs.

These songbirds breed on the Arctic tundra and winter primarily across the Great Plains, unfazed by the frigid temperatures and strong winds that they encounter.  Scouring shortgrass prairie, fallow fields and crop stubble for seeds and waste grain, they often gather in massive flocks that burst into the air when disturbed.

By March, it is too mild on the Plains for these hardy birds and they begin their long journey back to the Arctic; there they consume countless insects, feeding many to their nestlings.  Slow to head south in the fall, they generally arrive on the Great Plains in November.  

Nutrition in a Can

Watch any channel on Cable TV and you will soon see an ad for powdery supplements, designed to provide all the nutrients needed to stay healthy.  Some are dehydrated fruits and vegetables, some are sources of fiber and others offer vital protein.

While I am not as disturbed by these products (most of which offer some nutritional benefit) as I am by agents purported to improve memory, mental alertness and male "vitality," they are just another unnecessary expense for most individuals.  A reasonable, well-balanced diet, perhaps supplemented by a multivitamin tablet, is generally adequate.

Dietary deficiency most often affects the poor; forced to eat inexpensive, unhealthy foods, they are not in the market for expensive supplements.  Good nutrition results from education and, if necessary, social support, not from a counter full of canisters.  Besides, eating is a pleasant and creative experience. 

Celebrate Personal Freedom

As the Presidential Election Year gets underway, Democrats, Independents and Moderate Republicans seem to be struggling with how they can effectively counter the MAGA Movement.  It seems to me that our message should focus on personal freedom.

We should place emphasis on the right to seek truth, the freedom of and from religion, the freedom to express our sexuality, the freedom from gun violence, the freedom of reproductive choice and the freedom to vote.  We must celebrate human diversity, human rights and equal justice for all.

The MAGA Movement wants to enforce their beliefs, limit our rights and govern by force.  Their leader cares only about himself and they accept his poisonous rhetoric.  Personal freedom is the antidote for Americans who cherish our Democracy. 

Natural Snow Fences

Used to control snow buildup on highways and crop fields, natural snow fences are observed across the Great Plains.  Drought-tolerant redcedars, junipers and various pines are most often used though deciduous trees and shrubs are also planted in some areas.

While the practical use mentioned above is the primary reason for these tree lines (which seem to be more abundant each year), one might argue that they diversify the natural environment and offer significant carbon capture.  No doubt, there are thousands of highway miles and agricultural borders that would benefit from these natural fences while also having positive effects on the environment.

As mentioned in a recent post, ranchers and grassland ecologists are alarmed by the uncontrolled invasion or eastern redcedars, threatening pastures and prairie ecosystems.  But in agricultural areas, which account for a large percentage of the Great Plains, the benefits of natural snow fences would seem to outweigh any such risk. 

Frigid Air & Global Warming

During this severe, widespread Arctic blast, many Americans likely question the validity of global warming.  Others, dreaming of a return to mild weather, may conclude that a warming climate might not be so bad.

But climate change is fueling our extreme weather, including the current Arctic air incursion.  Warm ocean waters, energized storm systems and an unruly jet stream are producing dramatic shifts in our weather, including excessive rainfall, record snow depths, prolonged drought, powerful hurricanes and marked temperature gyrations.  How it will affect any given region remains uncertain but we can certainly expect significant impacts.

Here along the Front Range, we will endure another 24 hours of frigid air before our weather returns to more seasonable conditions.  In the not too distant future, those seasonal expectations may change dramatically.  

Crossing the Arctic Dome II

As I contemplated today's Post, I sensed that I had used the title before; indeed I did, back in February of 2021 (see that post).  Today, we were traveling in the opposite direction, driving from our home in Missouri to our farm in Colorado.

When we left Columbia this morning, the temperature was 5 degrees F but the highway surface was dry.  Snowfall slowed our journey through Kansas City and the temperature dropped beneath zero F by the time we reached Lawrence, Kansas.  Nevertheless, travel was relatively unimpeded within the Arctic Dome until we dropped from the Flint Hills into Junction City.  From there, strong north winds raked the Interstate all the way to Hays, where we are spending the night.  The winds produced ground blizzards wherever the terrain was open, limiting visibility at times.  The temperature hovered near minus 2 degrees F but the wind chill was surely much lower.

Once again, wildlife endured the conditions much better than human travelers.  Flocks of Canada geese moved above the snowy landscape, searching for wind-cleared grasslands or crop stubble.  Red-tailed hawks and a lone bald eagle soared over the highway, seemingly enjoying the intense, frigid wind.  Tomorrow, assuming our car starts, we'll complete our journey within the Arctic Dome to spend a couple of weeks along the Colorado Front Range. 

Winter at the Lake

Taking advantage of a hiatus between snowstorms, I visited Perry Phillips Lake this morning.  Since the snowy landscape discouraged visitors and shut down construction activity that borders the Park, it was a pleasant and mostly quiet experience.

Noisy flocks of Canada geese and the raucous calls of blue jays and crows disturbed the silence at times but a seasonal calm had settled over the refuge.  A bald eagle, a red-shouldered hawk and an American kestrel respected the tranquility, patiently observing the scene from nearby trees.  The lake itself was mostly frozen and only a handful of songbirds rummaged in the thickets that line its shore.

Bundled as I was, it was an enjoyable walk on the snow-covered loop trail.  By tomorrow, a fresh coat of snow will adorn the Park, to be followed by the first Arctic blast of the season. 

Tedium in Fiction

Yesterday, my wife and I watched a film that had received accolades from the entertainment industry.  It was an odd story that was clearly metaphoric in nature and turned out to be more than two hours in length; in our opinion, it could (and should) have been half as long.

The history of fiction, including literature and film making, is replete with examples of unbearable monotony.  Perhaps enamored with their own skill, the writers force their audience to endure tedious scripts that, in the end, detract from the basic story line.  It is this behavior that has long fostered my enthusiasm for short stories and films, not sagas and five-pound novels.

No doubt, my personal preference plays into this criticism but good stories can deliver their message without excessive dialogue and repetitious "character development."  Creativity requires a great deal of freedom but the audience need not be insulted or bored by the product.     

An Arctic Visitor

Arriving with the latest winter storm, a rough-legged hawk was hunting on the farmlands east of Columbia yesterday morning.  Perched atop a small tree, as is typical for this open-country raptor, our visitor from the Arctic was unfazed by the cold wind.

Nesting on Arctic cliffs, these hardy hawks feed primarily on lemmings and their population waxes and wanes in concert with the availability of their prey.  Rough-legged hawks winter across the northern half of the U.S. but are most abundant on the High Plains where the topography mimics their home territory.  Indeed, I encounter dozens of these hunters on winter trips between Missouri and Colorado but generally observe only a few (at most) near Columbia throughout the colder months.

It is always reassuring to watch an Arctic native when frigid air and heavy snow invade the Heartland.  Though we retreat to our heated homes and vehicles, this hawk seems to relish the chill, even shunning the protection of dense winter forest. 

On a Weather Fence

As the latest winter storm departs the Southwest and moves northeastward across the U.S., we in central Missouri find ourselves on the projected rain-snow line.  Blizzard conditions are forecast for the Northern Plains and severe thunderstorms with torrential rain and tornados are expected to rake the Southern States.  We could go either way.

A few days ago, we were squarely in the band of heavy snow on the "future weather maps" but yesterday's forecast was for a rain-snow mix in our area.  Whatever unfolds is expected to begin late this afternoon and continue through most of tomorrow.

Weather forecasting has improved dramatically over recent decades though the accuracy for any given city is not as dependable.  But we have been warned of the coming impact, perhaps by a blizzard, perhaps by flooding rains.  We'll know by tomorrow.

Winter Blues

Once the Holidays are over, many individuals experience the "winter blues," feeling shut-in with nothing to do until spring arrives.  Of course, older persons are most prone to this annual bout of sadness, not having children or jobs to keep them busy.

Reading by the fire and Scrabble only occupy so much time and tuning into the news exacerbates their depression.  Some, with the means to do so, escape to southern climes while others resort to hobbies such as painting or knitting.  I would suggest they turn their attention to nature; she is always helpful when we humans get the blues.

Birdwatching is one of the best means to reconnect with nature; a field guide, binoculars and a feeding area outside a window are the only requirements.  Non-birders soon discover that a wide variety of species visit their yard, some of which only appear in winter.  If not housebound for medical reasons, one can easily bundle up and take their new hobby on the road, visiting nature preserves, conservation areas or just nearby sites in the country; fresh air, exercise and tranquility are added benefits.  Spring will arrive soon enough. 

Living in the Middle

Having just returned to the Heartland from the Subtropical environment of South Florida, I am once again inclined to consider where we live.  The same would occur if I had come back from other areas with unique or spectacular landscapes, most of which lie along the Coasts of the U.S. or throughout the mountain corridors.

But there is something to be said for living in the middle of the country.  Within a day's drive, we can visit the Great Lakes, the Rockies, the Appalachians or the Gulf Coast; those who live in the more "exotic" corners of America are far removed from most other landscapes.

Naturalists know that we could spend a lifetime just learning about the life forms that inhabit or visit our own backyard.  Yet, we yearn to explore other ecosystems and the American Heartland offers more natural diversity than most residents realize; at least for now, we enjoy four distinct seasons, each of which bestows its special gifts.  I'll continue to travel to and through the varied landscapes of America but I choose to live in the middle. 

Detour across Southern Georgia

On our journey back to Missouri, we elected to avoid the stop-and-go slog through Metro Atlanta and took a detour across Southern Georgia, from Tifton to Columbus.  That decision proved to be a rewarding one, offering efficient travel through pleasant scenery.

The route took us across rolling terrain, a mosaic of pine woodlands, pecan groves, cotton fields, peanut farms and rural towns.  Nearing Columbus and the Chattahoochee River Valley, we wound through forested hills, unexpected topography on the Coastal Plain.  Unfortunately, wildlife observations were limited to hawks and vultures on this cool, sunny morning.

Today's detour did not turn up fascinating ecosystems or spectacular geography but the landscape was new to us and that (in the words of Robert Frost) made all the difference.  So little time and so much to see! 

Climate & Weather

On the heels of extreme heat last summer, we are leaving South Florida following the coolest three weeks we have ever experienced in this State.  Characterized by highs in the upper 50s to 60s F, the prolonged chill was exacerbated by periods of rain and a persistent breeze.

While I generally prefer mild weather to warm, muggy conditions, this cool spell was both unexpected and a bit disappointing.  We anticipate a "break from winter" when we head south but that ingrained conviction may become unreliable.

Indeed, as the global climate warms, regional effects may vary widely; records of average temperature and precipitation will be of historical interest only and long term forecasts will become even less reliable than they already are.  It is hard enough to project the global impact of climate change; assumptions based on past local weather patterns will surely be invalid (if not amusing). 

Flashback Post XLVII

Yesterday's powerful earthquake on the west coast of Japan was a consequence of that country's complex tectonic structure, a subject discussed in a post back in September of 2008.

See: Earthquake Central

A Momentous Year

Whenever we enter a new year, most humans express hope for a better future while keenly aware of past problems and failures.  In that respect, 2024 should be momentous.

Facing an existential threat to our Democracy, the degradation of human rights and a rapidly changing climate, we Americans will make choices that determine the fate of our country and the health of our planet.  Donald Trump has poisoned the political atmosphere and promises to seek revenge for his 2020 loss and for the indictments that confront him.  Unfortunately, far too many Americans are enthralled with his vindictive and racist rhetoric.  In concert, the Republican Right has launched a war on personal freedoms that have long been cherished in this country.

By the end of this year, we will know if Americans chose to neutralize those threats.  Our action will be taken at the ballot box; until then, it is imperative that we join the chorus of citizens who support Democracy, human rights and the protection of our natural environment.  Happy New Year to all.