Morning Relief

As excessive heat and drought continue to plague the Front Range urban corridor, early mornings offer the only relief.  Due to the elevation and dry air, overnight cooling produces a few hours that invite outdoor activity.

This morning, just before sunrise, I took a walk along the South Platte River.  As low as I have ever seen it, the rock laden stream attracted a mix of waterfowl and waders in addition to a lone raccoon that foraged in the clear shallows.  Songbirds were still rather quiet and inactive, represented by only a couple of chickadees and a northern yellow warbler.

But while the wildlife was limited, a steady, north, cool breeze offered hope that our weather might be finally changing.  Indeed, the first taste of the annual Monsoon is expected over the next few days as afternoon highs dip back into the 80s F and scattered thunderstorms blossom along the Front Range.  We are surely hoping that forecast is accurate. 

Suburban Parks

Generally relegated to the young and the elderly, suburban parks are not sought out by your average naturalist.  Nevertheless, they can be pleasant and "productive" destinations, especially if they were established many years ago and are festooned with large trees, ponds and wetlands.

Today, my wife and I stopped by William McKinley Carson Park in Greenwood Village, a community in south Metro Denver.  Hoping to escape the heat and bright sunshine, we were also planning to take a short walk.  This small park proved to be a good choice, though some construction was underway.  Shady gazebos afford views of the pond and the paved trails are lined with large trees.  During our brief visit, we observed the expected flocks of mallards and Canada geese but also encountered an excellent variety of songbirds (chipping sparrows were especially common); we also saw two muskrats on the pond.

Good for the community and good for local wildlife, older suburban parks are gems that may not be replicated in modern society as land prices rise and residential demands crowd out nature.  Even if established, they take many years to mature. 

A Melanistic Cottontail

While melanistic (black) eastern gray squirrels dominate the squirrel population in some regions of this country, especially near the Great Lakes, melanistic eastern cottontails are rare genetic variants.  Indeed, until this morning, I had never seen one despite more than sixty years of exploring natural habitats.

Driving into Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, I saw a black rabbit near the side of the road that scurried into the dense vegetation as I approached.  Though escaped or released domestic rabbits account for most black rabbits encountered in America, they retain their docile behavior and are rapidly culled by predators.  This morning's cottontail had the lean figure of a wild rabbit and clearly sensed danger from my advancing pickup.

I hoped the black cottontail might re-emerge for photographic documentation but I gave up after ten minutes or so.  Accepting the fact that I had just witnessed yet another example of nature's fabulous diversity, I moved on.  

Prairie Dog Ghettos

During my childhood in Cincinnati, I would often watch nature shows that took the viewer to pristine ecosystems across the country and around the globe.  As I recall, one of these destinations was the vast, shortgrass prairie of the Western U.S., inhabited by bison, pronghorn, rattlesnakes, burrowing owls and, of course, prairie dogs.

Now, more than 60 years later, most of that prairie has succumbed to agriculture and urban sprawl and its wild residents have been domesticated or forced to survive on shrinking plots of grassland.  An up-close reminder of this fact is evident in Metro Denver where I frequently pass small colonies of prairie dogs occupying tiny tracts of roadside habitat, including patches of grass and dirt at some intersections.  One wonders how they survive; indeed, some risk a quick and unnatural death as they dart across busy streets.

While I understand the challenges of coexisting with a wide variety of wildlife, these prairie dog ghettos are disturbing sights, highlighting our unending and reckless "development" of the planet. 

A Refuge by Neglect

Throughout the history of this Blog, I have repeatedly suggested that the establishment of wild borders on one's property is a good way to attract a greater diversity of wildlife.  After all, a variety of native plants is more appealing to regional birds, mammals and other creatures, offering seeds, berries, nuts and vegetation that they prefer to consume; of course, insects are also drawn to such natural oases, providing yet another source of food.

An excellent example of my theory has unfolded across the street from our home, where a neighbor's house has been renovated while its front lawn, destroyed by the building activity, has yet to be replaced.  Now sporting a hodgepodge of native "weeds" and grasses, it has become a popular feeding ground for many local birds; white-tailed deer have also stopped by to munch on the broad mix of plants.

Though unsightly from a typical suburbanite's point of view, I have found this temporary refuge to be interesting.  No doubt, its varied vegetation and "clearings" are of more interest to wildlife than the dense carpet of a manicured lawn.

See also: Lose Some Lawn  

Konza Prairie Biological Station

Though I have driven past it hundreds of times, I never looked into the history and management of the Konza Prairie Biological Station in the Flint Hills of eastern Kansas until today.  Owned by Kansas State University and the Nature Conservancy, this 3487 hectare reserve stretches across rolling tallgrass prairie, just north of Interstate 70.  Indeed, it protects the largest remnant of unplowed tallgrass prairie in North America.

Established in 1971 and significantly enlarged by the addition of the Dewey Ranch in the late Seventies, the Station is named for the Kaw or Kanza People, who occupied the region before they were forced out during the mid-late 19th Century.  The Konza Prairie is managed by the KSU Division of Biology with the primary goals of conservation, education and research; the latter includes ecologic, hydrologic and geologic studies, including the effects of periodic burning and ungulate grazing (cattle, bison or none).

The Station Headquarters is off McDowell Creek Road (north of I-70), where a trail provides access to the prairie ecosystem.  Information for this post was obtained from the Station's website; your financial support for their research is encouraged. 

Bovine Bathing

As summer-like heat builds across the Great Plains, bovine bathing is off to an early start.  Grazing comfortably on verdant pastures just a few weeks ago, cattle are now gathering at ponds and lakes, seeking relief from the heat and the biting insects.

Partly submerged, they are still tortured by flies around their head and neck.  Fortunately, local flocks of swallows take advantage of the insect swarms, filling their bellies and providing some relief for the cattle.  Yet, the swallows are not immune from attack either; as I witnessed today, prairie falcons may zero in on their flocks, hoping to pick off a swallow for lunch.

Beyond the drama at the cattle pools, I encountered a number of Mississippi kites over Hays, Kansas, my routine rest stop on the Plains.  Tomorrow I complete my journey to Colorado, where a cold front will produce near-freezing overnight temperatures early in the week; that same front is expected to ignite severe thunderstorms across the Great Plains and Midwest. 

William Erey Smith Waukena Preserves

A few miles south of our cabin are the William E. Smith Waukena Preserves (North and South Units).  They are managed by the Southwest Michigan Land Conservancy.  Access is via Lakeshore Drive, between the Fennville and Glenn Exits from 196.

The North Unit is primarily covered by coastal forest (photo) and its trail provides access to the Lake Michigan beach.  On our walk through the woodland, we were serenaded by the varied melodies of blue jays and the drumming of red-bellied woodpeckers; melanistic gray squirrels chimed in as well.  Of interest, signage informed us that Douglas fir trees, planted there long ago but not native to the region, have been dying from a fungal infection and are being removed.

The South Unit is characterized by a more open landscape of meadows, wetlands and parcels of forest; several ponds are also spaced throughout the preserve.  This morning's highlight proved to be the wildflowers, dominated by large swaths of goldenrod and white aster. 

Turkeys in the Morning

On this sunny, relatively cool morning, I drove through the lower Bonne Femme Valley, south of Columbia.  Wildlife sightings were initially unremarkable, including a young buck, a red-tailed hawk, two great blue herons and a host of common songbirds.

Then I rounded a corner and encountered a parade of nine wild turkeys, foraging for seeds, waste grain and insects in a field.  Closer to my pickup, a female and her four poults dashed along the graveled road and escaped into tall grass.

Though wild turkeys are certainly not rare, the sudden appearance of this flock on an otherwise uneventful morning was a special treat.  As all naturalists know, such surprise encounters are what encourage our regular visits to nearby forests, fields and wetlands.  

Back at Denver's NWR

On this beautiful morning along the Colorado Front Range, my wife and I visited the Rocky Mountain Arsenal NWR in northeast Metro Denver.  Once an Army base and munitions depot, it is now a 15,000 acre expanse of prairie, woodlands and lakes.

On our first visit in more than a decade, we hiked around marsh-lined Lake Mary and along a tree-lined portion of Lake Ladora.  Though the refuge is renowned for its bison, bald eagles, black-footed ferrets and burrowing owls, our sightings today were limited to Canada geese, double-crested cormorants, American white pelicans, belted kingfishers and a host of common songbirds.  Unfortunately, the 11-mile Wildlife Drive was closed today due to road work.

The Refuge is best reached from the intersection of Quebec Pkwy and 56th Avenue.  Drive north on Quebec Pkwy, turn right (east) on Prairie Pkwy and then left on Gateway Rd. which enters the refuge near the Visitor Center.  Rocky Mountain Arsenal NWR is open from sunrise to sunset every day of the year, except on major holidays.  In addition to the Wildlife Drive, 20 miles of footpaths wind through southern portions of the refuge.  

Raccoon at Noon

Sitting in the shade on our Littleton, Colorado, farm, I was surprised to see a raccoon wandering about our backyard.  Since they are primarily nocturnal, I generally encounter raccoons very early or late in the day or am awakened at night by their squabbling.  To see a raccoon just before noon on a hot, sunny day was thus unusual.

Raccoons do tend to be solitary creatures for most of the year though they may gather in small same-sex groups.  Mating occurs from January to March and a litter of 2-5 kits is typical.  The mother and her offspring disperse by late summer and at least half of the kits will be dead within a year, usually succumbing to starvation, predation or automobiles.  Adults rarely live longer than three years in the wild.

Our solitary visitor seemed to have emerged from the barn, beneath which he is likely denning.  Due to their poor long-distance eyesight, he did not take notice of my presence as he scoured the shrub line and "lawn" for fruit, various invertebrates or mice.  Once he disappeared into our "wild corner," consisting of a compost bin, a brush pile and overgrown vegetation, I went inside to let him hunt in peace. 

Inspectors in the Mulberry Trees

Our mulberry trees are beginning to bear fruit and, over the past few days, small flocks of robins have turned up to assess the progress.  Since the berries are not yet ripe, these inspectors leave after a few samples are tasted and subsequently dropped.

Within a week, the mulberries will have ripened and avian visitors to the trees will increase dramatically.  Joining the robins will be cedar waxwings, spotted towhees, house finches and Bullock's orioles, among others.  Of course, squirrels will get more than their fair share while raccoons and fox will turn up at night to scour the ground for fallen fruit.

Mulberry trees thrive in this semiarid climate and are welcome magnets for wildlife.  I would like to personally thank the inspectors for calling attention to the upcoming feast.

Mink at South Platte Park

On our usual birding route through the south end of South Platte Park this morning, a friend and I encountered a family of mink.  The parents and at least one observed offspring (litter size averages eight kits) had settled within a wood pile along the edge of a lake that connects directly with the South Platte River.

While mink are most often observed in the streams and lakes of the mountains and foothills of Colorado, they also inhabit the major river valleys of the Piedmont and Eastern Plains.  Their diet consists of fish, crayfish, amphibians, birds and small mammals.

Though not rare in our region, these were the first mink that either of us had seen within South Platte Park over a combined period of more than twenty years of birding at the refuge.  Such is the joy of exploring nature; her gifts are manyfold and ever changing. 

The Peak of Verdancy

Across central latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, early June brings the peak of verdancy.  Fueled by moist soil and the lengthening period of sunlight, greenery abounds.  In some areas, certain trees have just recently leafed out and prolonged episodes of heat have not yet materialized.

In concert, all forms of wildlife are taking advantage of the lush growth and, in the case of birds and mammals, adults are busily attending to their offspring.  Consequently, it is a great time for birders and other wildlife enthusiasts to visit our parks and nature preserves.

By later in the month, the intense sun will begin to take a toll and plant life will rely on roving bands of summer thunderstorms for vital moisture.  Adaptation to heat will then become the focus of plants, wild creatures and humans alike.  So enjoy the verdancy of late spring while it lasts; climate change may soon alter both the nature and the timing of this seasonal transition.

The Fence Walker

Heading out back on a cool, sunny morning, I was watching a group of songbirds in one of our pinyon pines when I caught sight of our resident red fox.   She was not nosing her way across our "lawn" or sniffing for voles in a pasture.  Rather, she was trotting across the top of our back fence (photo).

She stopped and looked my way but is used to my presence and continued on her way.  Having owned the

property for more than 30 years, this was a unique experience.  The top of the fence is no more than four inches wide and I was truly impressed with her agility.

Such are the many rewards of spending time in the great outdoors.  Common creatures engaged in uncommon behavior is just a small (yet entertaining) part of nature's tremendous diversity.

Westward into May

After dodging thunderstorms in central Kansas yesterday afternoon, we continued westward today.  Cool, dry air had dropped in behind the storms and bright sunshine illuminated the High Plains.

Flocks of great-tailed grackles scoured the rest stops and barnyards while the occasional kestrel, prairie falcon or Swainson's hawk (the latter species just back from Argentina) hunted along the highway.  Pronghorn were especially common across the Palmer Divide.

As we approached Denver, we noted that a significant amount of snow still coats the higher peaks of the Front Range, a welcome sign for a sprawling city in a semiarid ecosystem; of course, the Metro Area may receive snow during May as well.  More from Colorado over the next week or two. 

A Walk in the Foothills

On this mild, sunny morning, my wife and I headed up to South Valley Park, in the lower foothills of southwest Metro Denver.  Characterized by open grasslands that stretch along and between outcrops of the Lyons Formation (Permian Period) and the Fountain Formation (Pennsylvanian Period).  A fine network of trails offers scenic views of the Park and of the higher foothills to the west.

Elk often winter in this valley but this morning's mammal sightings were limited to mule deer and rock squirrels.  Scrub jays, spotted towhees and magpies were common and we also encountered blue jays, Steller's jays and a lone red-tailed hawk; prairie falcons may also be observed at this Park, nesting on the higher rock outcrops.

Due to the spectacular scenery, fine trails, interesting wildlife and easy access from the city, this refuge can be crowded, especially on weekends.  I thus recommend an early morning, weekday visit if possible. 

Fox in the Moonlight

Leaving our farmhouse early this morning, I was taken by the shadows on the snow-covered ground, produced by the waning Wolf Moon.  Just as I climbed into my pickup, our resident red fox trotted across the property, oblivious of my presence.

Absent for some time, she was clearly out for a pre-dawn hunt.  Now that she has returned, our cottontail population will crash once again, a cycle I have witnessed over the past two decades.

I'm rather fond of both species but nature has her hierarchy and, on our farm, the fox is at the top of the food chain (unless, of course, a coyote wanders in).  Though she may have a suitor by next month and cubs by spring, she appears content to live in peace for now. 

Toward the Wolf Moon

When I left Hays, Kansas, early this morning, the bright Wolf Moon gleamed from the western sky.  Just below and to its right was Mars, rather dim due to the intense moonlight.

As the sun rose, Mars disappeared altogether but the full moon remained visible, guiding me westward across the High Plains.  By the time I entered the Mountain Time Zone, in western Kansas, the moon had set.  Nevertheless, I still imagined its beauty farther west, adorning the magnificent scenery of the Mountain West.

Indeed, the title Wolf Moon was especially appropriate on this clear, cold morning, knowing that its namesake was likely howling at its bright disc and using this natural nightlight to aid the early morning hunt. 

Christmas on the Beach

One does not get a "White Christmas" here in South Florida (except for the white sand) but it sometimes feels like a Midwestern winter.  Cloudy, cool, breezy conditions greeted us on the beach this morning and sunbathers remained huddled in their cozy condos.

We did encounter a few other humans who braved the chilly conditions and came across small flocks of laughing gulls, temporarily grounded by the light fog and drizzle.  A lone dolphin swam past in the calm Gulf waters where a few terns and brown pelicans dove for their morning meal.

But we can't complain.  It's still a lovely spot to visit and, if the forecast holds, warm sunshine will return by tomorrow.  Happy Holidays to all!