Ever since I returned to Colorado, flocks of Canada geese have been grazing near the entrance to our driveway and, over the past few days, they have worked their way onto the farm. Finding plenty of forage on our "lawn" and pastures, they are reciprocating by leaving behind plenty of natural fertilizer.
Yesterday, when I returned from Barr Lake, one flock was up near the house and among its members was a juvenile greater white-fronted goose. Its orange bill, legs and feet indicated that it was from the Greenland population and its lack of a white forehead and black ventral barring revealed that it was a first winter bird. Significantly smaller than its Canadian companions, it followed them across the property and, when the matriarch signaled it was time to leave, the white-front fell in line.
Perhaps the juvenile white-front was orphaned by waterfowl hunters or became lost during the autumn migration; maybe this "home alone" goose was snoozing when his family moved on to the south. Whatever the reason for his presence in the Canadian flock, they seem to have given him a warm reception. One wonders how many humans would be so kind; after all, he doesn't look like those who took him in.
Monday, January 13, 2014
Sunday, January 12, 2014
Sunrise Spectacle at Barr Lake
This morning, I arrived at Barr Lake State Park, NNE of Denver, just after sunrise. A winter storm, pushing in from the west, obscured the higher peaks of the Front Range but it was mild and sunny at this Piedmont refuge.
Out on the frozen lake, massive flocks of Canada geese, joined by a small number of snow geese, were becoming restless and, soon after my arrival, noisy flocks began to leave for their feeding grounds. The largest departures, involving thousands of geese, were triggered by bald eagles that strafed the flocks; these deafening clouds of geese, backed by the majestic Rockies, offered one of the more breathtaking natural spectacles that I have been privileged to witness.
My numerous past visits to Barr Lake State Park have generally occurred in spring or late summer, when hordes of migrants join the diverse population of permanent and summer residents; indeed, the Park is known as the birding capitol of Colorado, logging more species than any other site. Today's visit, while lacking a great deal of species diversity, was certainly one of the more memorable; among the other sightings today were rough-legged and red-tailed hawks, bald eagles, northern harriers, American kestrels, black-billed magpies, mule deer and a variety of winter songbirds.
Out on the frozen lake, massive flocks of Canada geese, joined by a small number of snow geese, were becoming restless and, soon after my arrival, noisy flocks began to leave for their feeding grounds. The largest departures, involving thousands of geese, were triggered by bald eagles that strafed the flocks; these deafening clouds of geese, backed by the majestic Rockies, offered one of the more breathtaking natural spectacles that I have been privileged to witness.
My numerous past visits to Barr Lake State Park have generally occurred in spring or late summer, when hordes of migrants join the diverse population of permanent and summer residents; indeed, the Park is known as the birding capitol of Colorado, logging more species than any other site. Today's visit, while lacking a great deal of species diversity, was certainly one of the more memorable; among the other sightings today were rough-legged and red-tailed hawks, bald eagles, northern harriers, American kestrels, black-billed magpies, mule deer and a variety of winter songbirds.
Saturday, January 11, 2014
A Winter Walk in Spring Air
As is often the case along the Colorado Front Range, a southwest wind has brought a sunny, mild interlude in the midst of winter. Determined to enjoy this spring-like weather, I headed to Chatfield State Park for a walk through the fields and riverside woodlands. Though many of the ponds remain frozen, ice fishermen were decked out in light-weight clothing, some in shorts and T-shirts.
Hiking through the snow-covered landscape, it looked like winter but felt like spring. On the other hand, the fragrance of spring was missing and the winter silence persisted, broken only by the brash chatter of magpies, the soft twittering of chickadees and the distant calls of geese. The trails were covered in alternating sections of soft snow and smooth ice, providing incentive to wander slowly and take in the beautiful scenery. On the South Platte, where I encountered mixed flocks of buffleheads, goldeneyes and mergansers, sheets of ice were cracking and mounds of snow were plunging from the banks.
While relatively mild weather is forecast for the coming week, periods of spring and winter will alternate through mid May. Our heaviest snows lie ahead, when the upslope storms of March and April push copious moisture toward the Front Range. For now, we'll enjoy a combination of balmy air and a snowy landscape, the best of both seasons.
Hiking through the snow-covered landscape, it looked like winter but felt like spring. On the other hand, the fragrance of spring was missing and the winter silence persisted, broken only by the brash chatter of magpies, the soft twittering of chickadees and the distant calls of geese. The trails were covered in alternating sections of soft snow and smooth ice, providing incentive to wander slowly and take in the beautiful scenery. On the South Platte, where I encountered mixed flocks of buffleheads, goldeneyes and mergansers, sheets of ice were cracking and mounds of snow were plunging from the banks.
While relatively mild weather is forecast for the coming week, periods of spring and winter will alternate through mid May. Our heaviest snows lie ahead, when the upslope storms of March and April push copious moisture toward the Front Range. For now, we'll enjoy a combination of balmy air and a snowy landscape, the best of both seasons.
Friday, January 10, 2014
The Arctic Blast & Global Warming
The recent invasion of Arctic air across the central and eastern U.S. was the latest event to embolden those who, for whatever reason, are committed to debunking the evidence of global warming. However, temporary weather patterns are generally unrelated to climate though climate change might fuel an increased incidence of such events..
Indeed, this Arctic blast resulted from a deep dip in the jet stream (known as an atmospheric trough), which allowed polar air to spill southward. As often occurs with extreme gyrations in the jet, other areas, including northern Europe and Asia, have been warmer than usual, reflecting a northward shift of the jet stream (known as an atmospheric ridge). The western U.S., not affected by the recent Arctic fronts, has also been warmer and drier than usual, exacerbating drought in the mountains of California.
The climate of any given region is determined by latitude, elevation, the proximity to large bodies of water or mountain ranges and the local effects of ocean currents, among other factors; all of these combine to produce average seasonal temperatures and precipitation for that region. While temporary weather patterns may obscure those averages, changes in climate are gradual, developing in response to alterations in solar radiation, the composition of the atmosphere and ocean currents; the latter currents generally change in response to plate tectonics and continental drift. Despite the recent Arctic air invasion, there is a wealth of scientific evidence that Earth's climate is warming and that human activity is playing a significant role.
Indeed, this Arctic blast resulted from a deep dip in the jet stream (known as an atmospheric trough), which allowed polar air to spill southward. As often occurs with extreme gyrations in the jet, other areas, including northern Europe and Asia, have been warmer than usual, reflecting a northward shift of the jet stream (known as an atmospheric ridge). The western U.S., not affected by the recent Arctic fronts, has also been warmer and drier than usual, exacerbating drought in the mountains of California.
The climate of any given region is determined by latitude, elevation, the proximity to large bodies of water or mountain ranges and the local effects of ocean currents, among other factors; all of these combine to produce average seasonal temperatures and precipitation for that region. While temporary weather patterns may obscure those averages, changes in climate are gradual, developing in response to alterations in solar radiation, the composition of the atmosphere and ocean currents; the latter currents generally change in response to plate tectonics and continental drift. Despite the recent Arctic air invasion, there is a wealth of scientific evidence that Earth's climate is warming and that human activity is playing a significant role.
Thursday, January 9, 2014
Long-tailed Ducks in Colorado
Long-tailed ducks, formerly known as oldsquaws, nest along rivers, lakes and ponds of the Arctic tundra. Most winter offshore along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America or on the Great Lakes; however, a small number turn up on inland lakes and reservoirs during the colder months.
According to the Colorado Birding Society, about 15 long-tailed ducks have been observed along the Front Range this winter, from the northern Colorado border to Pueblo Reservoir; I had the good fortune to watch three of them on South Platte Reservoir, in southwest Metro Denver, this morning.. Those hoping to observe these attractive visitors must be patient since they often spend more time underwater than on the surface; using their wings for propulsion, long-tailed ducks can dive to 200 feet (more than any other species of waterfowl) and may remain underwater for two minutes (per my observation this morning). During those dives, the ducks feed on bottom vegetation, aquatic invertebrates and small fish.
Molting three times between autumn and spring, long-tailed ducks have variable plumage in the course of a year; males, which sport the long tail for which the species is named, are more white in winter and darker in summer. These sea ducks are also known for their varied cackles and yodeling that peak in winter, when mating displays occur; indeed, by the time they return to the Arctic, breeding pairs have been established.
According to the Colorado Birding Society, about 15 long-tailed ducks have been observed along the Front Range this winter, from the northern Colorado border to Pueblo Reservoir; I had the good fortune to watch three of them on South Platte Reservoir, in southwest Metro Denver, this morning.. Those hoping to observe these attractive visitors must be patient since they often spend more time underwater than on the surface; using their wings for propulsion, long-tailed ducks can dive to 200 feet (more than any other species of waterfowl) and may remain underwater for two minutes (per my observation this morning). During those dives, the ducks feed on bottom vegetation, aquatic invertebrates and small fish.
Molting three times between autumn and spring, long-tailed ducks have variable plumage in the course of a year; males, which sport the long tail for which the species is named, are more white in winter and darker in summer. These sea ducks are also known for their varied cackles and yodeling that peak in winter, when mating displays occur; indeed, by the time they return to the Arctic, breeding pairs have been established.
Wednesday, January 8, 2014
Winter Morning at Red Rocks
Red Rocks Park, in the foothills west of Denver, is famous for its rock-walled amphitheater, scenic sandstone formations and outdoor concerts. Naturalists know that it is also a good place to explore the shrub zone ecosystem of the lower foothills and is an excellent site for birding throughout the year. Since rosy finches often winter at the Park and were recently sighted there, I decided to pay a visit with the hope of encountering those attractive birds.
On this sunny, mild morning, the most conspicuous birds at Red Rocks Park were the ravens, magpies, rock pigeons and scrub jays. Most numerous were the dark-eyed juncos, represented by all four subspecies that can be found along the Front Range. Other sightings included Townsend's solitaires, house finches, canyon wrens, black-capped and mountain chickadees, northern flickers, downy woodpeckers and rufous-sided towhees. Alas, no rosy finches were observed, even at the feeders behind the Trading Post; I'll try a late day visit within the next week and hope for better luck.
Of course, veteran birders know that their quarry is often unpredictable; this seems to be especially true when one ventures out to find a specific species. It is better to visit natural ecosystems with general expectations in mind and enjoy whatever turns up. Indeed, on some excursions, several rare species may be sighted while common, widespread birds seem to have vanished. In the end, it is the joy of the hunt that sends birders into the countryside; discoveries, expected or not, are welcome but not guaranteed.
On this sunny, mild morning, the most conspicuous birds at Red Rocks Park were the ravens, magpies, rock pigeons and scrub jays. Most numerous were the dark-eyed juncos, represented by all four subspecies that can be found along the Front Range. Other sightings included Townsend's solitaires, house finches, canyon wrens, black-capped and mountain chickadees, northern flickers, downy woodpeckers and rufous-sided towhees. Alas, no rosy finches were observed, even at the feeders behind the Trading Post; I'll try a late day visit within the next week and hope for better luck.
Of course, veteran birders know that their quarry is often unpredictable; this seems to be especially true when one ventures out to find a specific species. It is better to visit natural ecosystems with general expectations in mind and enjoy whatever turns up. Indeed, on some excursions, several rare species may be sighted while common, widespread birds seem to have vanished. In the end, it is the joy of the hunt that sends birders into the countryside; discoveries, expected or not, are welcome but not guaranteed.
Tuesday, January 7, 2014
National Winter Waterfowl Count
Every year, in mid winter, the National Wildlife Service enlists State Wildlife Divisions and refuge personnel to assess the status of North America's various waterfowl species. By this time of year, migrations have ended and the populations in wintering areas have stabilized.
This morning, I took part in the winter waterfowl count at South Platte Park, in Littleton, Colorado. Our group was assigned to a network of ponds and lakes that stretch along the west side of the river, just north of C-470. Having just returned from Missouri, I was surprised to find that most of the larger lakes were at least 50% open; smaller ponds, of course, were almost totally frozen. Over a couple of hours, we spotted a decent variety of waterfowl, led by nearly 1000 Canada geese; northern shovelers were the most numerous duck, followed by gadwalls, mallards, common goldeneyes, common and hooded mergansers, buffleheads, ring-necked ducks, American wigeons and American coot. Other sightings included a bald eagle, a rough-legged hawk, a belted kingfisher, a few pied-billed grebes, black-billed magpies and numerous ring-billed gulls. To my knowledge, no rare species were observed by any of the groups.
As I have mentioned in the past, participating in such annual counts is both an enjoyable experience and a significant contribution to the field of wildlife conservation. Data from the counts are compiled by regional and national organizations to assess the health of wildlife populations and to make decisions regarding the adequacy of natural habitat, the impact of human development and the level of hunting pressure that any given species can safely endure.
This morning, I took part in the winter waterfowl count at South Platte Park, in Littleton, Colorado. Our group was assigned to a network of ponds and lakes that stretch along the west side of the river, just north of C-470. Having just returned from Missouri, I was surprised to find that most of the larger lakes were at least 50% open; smaller ponds, of course, were almost totally frozen. Over a couple of hours, we spotted a decent variety of waterfowl, led by nearly 1000 Canada geese; northern shovelers were the most numerous duck, followed by gadwalls, mallards, common goldeneyes, common and hooded mergansers, buffleheads, ring-necked ducks, American wigeons and American coot. Other sightings included a bald eagle, a rough-legged hawk, a belted kingfisher, a few pied-billed grebes, black-billed magpies and numerous ring-billed gulls. To my knowledge, no rare species were observed by any of the groups.
As I have mentioned in the past, participating in such annual counts is both an enjoyable experience and a significant contribution to the field of wildlife conservation. Data from the counts are compiled by regional and national organizations to assess the health of wildlife populations and to make decisions regarding the adequacy of natural habitat, the impact of human development and the level of hunting pressure that any given species can safely endure.
Monday, January 6, 2014
Faith, Science and Education
Last week, an Op-Ed in the New York Times reported on a Pew Center study regarding the acceptance of evolution among various political and religious groups in America. About 2/3 of Democrats and Independents accept the fact that species have evolved (including humans, of course) while only 43% of Republicans agreed. Among religious groups, evolution is accepted by 78% of white Protestants, 60% of white Catholics, 44% of African American Christians and only 27% of Evangelical Christians.
I suspect that the dramatic discrepancy among these groups is related to the educational experience of those surveyed. It seems to me that an individual's religious fervor and his/her level of education generally have an inverse relationship; the more one understands about the nature of our Universe, including the nature of his/her fellow man, the less likely he/she is to accept the rigid dogma of an organized religion. While many highly educated individuals profess religious faith, they are (in my experience) less strict in their interpretation of its laws and more reticent to impose their beliefs on the rest of society.
Despite a wealth of scientific evidence supporting evolution, a sizable percentage of American adults (40% overall) reject its principles. This worrisome statistic highlights both the powerful influence of organized religion in our society and the lack of political will to ensure that scientific education is protected from that influence. Hopefully, social evolution will alter those dynamics.
I suspect that the dramatic discrepancy among these groups is related to the educational experience of those surveyed. It seems to me that an individual's religious fervor and his/her level of education generally have an inverse relationship; the more one understands about the nature of our Universe, including the nature of his/her fellow man, the less likely he/she is to accept the rigid dogma of an organized religion. While many highly educated individuals profess religious faith, they are (in my experience) less strict in their interpretation of its laws and more reticent to impose their beliefs on the rest of society.
Despite a wealth of scientific evidence supporting evolution, a sizable percentage of American adults (40% overall) reject its principles. This worrisome statistic highlights both the powerful influence of organized religion in our society and the lack of political will to ensure that scientific education is protected from that influence. Hopefully, social evolution will alter those dynamics.
Sunday, January 5, 2014
Crawling Westward
Heading back to Colorado, I left Columbia this morning in blowing snow and frigid air; the edge of our latest Arctic front was pushing through central Missouri and temperatures were expected to keep dropping for the next 24 hours. Due to the steady snowfall, gusty wind and cold air, Interstate 70 was snow-packed from Columbia to Kansas City; a journey that normally takes just under two hours took more than three. Since I was driving slowly in my four-wheel drive pickup, I was not concerned about the road conditions or the weather; however, the 18-wheelers and SUVs that raced by in the fast lane were a bit unsettling. Apparently, they had not noticed the cars and trucks that adorned the median and shoulders of the highway (in various states of disrepair).
The snow had ceased by the time I reached Kansas City but patches of snow and ice covered portions of the Interstate all the way to Salina. In addition, brief ground blizzards developed as the strong north winds raked the snow-covered fields; this phenomenon was enhanced in the Flint Hills, west of Topeka, where gaps in the road-cuts funneled the wind, sending jets of snow across the highway. Fortunately, sunshine bathed the frozen landscape west of Salina and the road surface gradually cleared; nevertheless, my journey was well behind schedule and I opted for a night in Colby, Kansas, rather that testing my luck on the High Plains in the dark.
As harrowing as modern travel across the Great Plains can be, generally related to blizzards or supercell thunderstorms, it pales in comparison to the challenges that were faced by early settlers in their conestogas. Today's journey, like many in the past, served to highlight the courage and tenacity of those explorers as well as the resourcefulness of Native Americans who have thrived on these vast grasslands for 20,000 years.
The snow had ceased by the time I reached Kansas City but patches of snow and ice covered portions of the Interstate all the way to Salina. In addition, brief ground blizzards developed as the strong north winds raked the snow-covered fields; this phenomenon was enhanced in the Flint Hills, west of Topeka, where gaps in the road-cuts funneled the wind, sending jets of snow across the highway. Fortunately, sunshine bathed the frozen landscape west of Salina and the road surface gradually cleared; nevertheless, my journey was well behind schedule and I opted for a night in Colby, Kansas, rather that testing my luck on the High Plains in the dark.
As harrowing as modern travel across the Great Plains can be, generally related to blizzards or supercell thunderstorms, it pales in comparison to the challenges that were faced by early settlers in their conestogas. Today's journey, like many in the past, served to highlight the courage and tenacity of those explorers as well as the resourcefulness of Native Americans who have thrived on these vast grasslands for 20,000 years.
Saturday, January 4, 2014
GPS Dependence
The development of global positioning satellite (GPS) technology has been a major advance for the military and for a wide range of industries, especially those related to transportation. Now available in cell phones, in vehicles and in other mobile devices, GPS has, in my opinion, produced negative consequences as well.
Many humans are becoming dependent on this technology, using it to navigate unfamiliar terrain, including portions of their own home town that they seldom visit. In doing so, they gradually lose touch with the external clues to their location, paying little attention to the topography through which they move. This is especially unfortunate when they travel to new areas of the country or regions of the globe; focused on the GPS screen, they follow a network of roads and miss the unique natural and cultural features of the landscape.
Of most concern, GPS systems, like many forms of modern technology, gradually diminish our ability to function without their assistance. Not long ago, humans paid close attention to their natural environment, including the sun position, drainage patterns and vegetative cover to sense their location within a landscape and, if necessary, to find their way home. Today, devoid of printed maps and relying on GPS, many individuals become helpless when that signal is lost.
Many humans are becoming dependent on this technology, using it to navigate unfamiliar terrain, including portions of their own home town that they seldom visit. In doing so, they gradually lose touch with the external clues to their location, paying little attention to the topography through which they move. This is especially unfortunate when they travel to new areas of the country or regions of the globe; focused on the GPS screen, they follow a network of roads and miss the unique natural and cultural features of the landscape.
Of most concern, GPS systems, like many forms of modern technology, gradually diminish our ability to function without their assistance. Not long ago, humans paid close attention to their natural environment, including the sun position, drainage patterns and vegetative cover to sense their location within a landscape and, if necessary, to find their way home. Today, devoid of printed maps and relying on GPS, many individuals become helpless when that signal is lost.
Friday, January 3, 2014
Toking into the New Year
As 2014 dawned, sales of recreational marijuana began in Colorado. Many residents and visitors celebrated this cultural "enlightenment" while others were appalled by the voter-approved legislation. My sentiments lie squarely in the middle.
Though I have long believed that the criminalization of drug use is a mistake and have favored the availability of marijuana for approved medical purposes, I am concerned that the commercialization of this drug will encourage its use among those who might otherwise have passed on the opportunity. While it may be true that the side effects of marijuana are less severe that those of alcohol (when either is used to excess), the risk of abuse remains significant and the incidence of DUI arrests will surely rise. After all, while many of us enjoy beer or wine for its taste, consuming a glass or two with some of our meals, marijuana will be used primarily for its mental and emotional effects (except, of course, when placed in brownies).
Time will tell how this social experiment will unfold. As one who knows from experience that humans are too inclined to rely on medications, drugs and supplements for their various symptoms and ailments, I am concerned that marijuana will just become the latest crutch, complete with side effects and the risk of abuse. Unfortunately, as with government sponsored gambling (i.e. lotteries), the financial benefits of this law will likely negate an objective assessment of its impact on society.
Though I have long believed that the criminalization of drug use is a mistake and have favored the availability of marijuana for approved medical purposes, I am concerned that the commercialization of this drug will encourage its use among those who might otherwise have passed on the opportunity. While it may be true that the side effects of marijuana are less severe that those of alcohol (when either is used to excess), the risk of abuse remains significant and the incidence of DUI arrests will surely rise. After all, while many of us enjoy beer or wine for its taste, consuming a glass or two with some of our meals, marijuana will be used primarily for its mental and emotional effects (except, of course, when placed in brownies).
Time will tell how this social experiment will unfold. As one who knows from experience that humans are too inclined to rely on medications, drugs and supplements for their various symptoms and ailments, I am concerned that marijuana will just become the latest crutch, complete with side effects and the risk of abuse. Unfortunately, as with government sponsored gambling (i.e. lotteries), the financial benefits of this law will likely negate an objective assessment of its impact on society.
Thursday, January 2, 2014
Eagle Bluffs in Snow
After an overnight snowfall of about 4 inches, I arrived at Eagle Bluffs Conservation Area, southwest of Columbia, at eight-fifteen this morning under bright sunshine and enveloped in frigid air; it was 11 degrees F. A herd of white-tailed deer raced across a snow-covered meadow and a lone coyote loped across the road ahead of my pickup.
Almost all of the ponds and channels were frozen on that floodplain refuge and even the Missouri River was nearly covered by a puzzle of ice floes. A few mallards and gadwalls were the sole waterfowl representatives, a single kingfisher moved among the limited sites of open water and a lone red-tailed hawk was the only raptor that I encountered. On the other hand, winter sparrows were abundant in the roadside thickets and a mix of winter avian residents moved among the riparian woodlands.
Despite the limited variety of wildlife, my visit was rewarded by beautiful scenery and near solitude; indeed, only one other vehicle entered the refuge during my one-hour tour. Since I was the first to arrive, my pickup plowed the only human trail along the snow-covered levee roads though numerous wildlife footprints broke the even surface of the bright, powdery snow. Of course, true to its name, snow-covered bluffs shimmered along both sides of the Missouri River floodplain, providing a scenic backdrop to the winter landscape of the refuge.
Almost all of the ponds and channels were frozen on that floodplain refuge and even the Missouri River was nearly covered by a puzzle of ice floes. A few mallards and gadwalls were the sole waterfowl representatives, a single kingfisher moved among the limited sites of open water and a lone red-tailed hawk was the only raptor that I encountered. On the other hand, winter sparrows were abundant in the roadside thickets and a mix of winter avian residents moved among the riparian woodlands.
Despite the limited variety of wildlife, my visit was rewarded by beautiful scenery and near solitude; indeed, only one other vehicle entered the refuge during my one-hour tour. Since I was the first to arrive, my pickup plowed the only human trail along the snow-covered levee roads though numerous wildlife footprints broke the even surface of the bright, powdery snow. Of course, true to its name, snow-covered bluffs shimmered along both sides of the Missouri River floodplain, providing a scenic backdrop to the winter landscape of the refuge.
Wednesday, January 1, 2014
A New Year's Storm
On this first day of the year, another winter storm is developing across the Heartland as low pressure forms along a deep atmospheric trough. The latter, produced by a dip in the jet stream, drops south along the Front Range to the Texas Panhandle and then angles northeastward across the Midwest and into New England.
North of the front, a band of light snow stretches from western Oklahoma to Massachusetts, covering eastern Kansas, northern Missouri, the Great Lakes Region and southern New England. This band will shift southeastward over the next 24 hours and snow will intensify as the low pressure centers pull in moisture from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. In addition, lake-effect snows may be heavy along the southern shores of the Great Lakes as Arctic air plunges across their open waters.
The Great Plains and Midwest will receive frigid air but limited snowfall (except in the lake-effect snow zones). However, as the low pressure centers move off the Northeast coast, blizzard conditions are expected to develop in eastern New England. For those of us who enjoy winter weather, the new year is off to a good start; all others can take heart that the spring equinox is just eleven weeks away!
North of the front, a band of light snow stretches from western Oklahoma to Massachusetts, covering eastern Kansas, northern Missouri, the Great Lakes Region and southern New England. This band will shift southeastward over the next 24 hours and snow will intensify as the low pressure centers pull in moisture from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. In addition, lake-effect snows may be heavy along the southern shores of the Great Lakes as Arctic air plunges across their open waters.
The Great Plains and Midwest will receive frigid air but limited snowfall (except in the lake-effect snow zones). However, as the low pressure centers move off the Northeast coast, blizzard conditions are expected to develop in eastern New England. For those of us who enjoy winter weather, the new year is off to a good start; all others can take heart that the spring equinox is just eleven weeks away!
Monday, December 30, 2013
A Naturalist's Predictions for 2014
As a naturalist and as an observer of my fellow humans, I hereby make the following bold predictions for 2014:
1. Despite widespread lip service, there will be no significant progress toward addressing the threat of global warming.
2. While they pronounce their commitment to clean, renewable sources of energy, the oil and coal companies will do whatever they can to prevent a significant shift away from fossil fuel use.
3. Pollution will increase in our rivers, oceans and atmosphere.
4. Creationists will oppose the teaching of evolution, geology, natural history, physics, astronomy, geometry, calculus and other misguided theories in our public schools.
5. Tropical rainforests will shrink while desertification will expand; suburban sprawl and agriculture will eat up more natural habitat. More golf courses will appear in the Desert Southwest.
6. Sectarian violence will plague the Middle East and racism will persist in the U.S.
7. Gun rights advocates will agree to compromise; they will suggest placing restrictions on gun sales to children under age 10 (unless accompanied by a parent).
8. Pope Francis' compassion for women, gays and atheists will not lead to women priests, Catholic gay marriage or the dismantling of religious mysticism.
9. The average waistline will expand. Blame will be placed on food vendors, not on parents.
10. Americans will be entertained by a new cable lineup: humiliation, dysfunction and melodrama will be the primary themes of the reality programming. All advertising will be devoted to erectile dysfunction drugs and testosterone supplements.
11. Humans will stare at their cell phones, tablets and GPS units for most of the year.
12. The income gap will continue to expand in America and across the globe. Revolution will be closer.
13. Many more species will become extinct; we won't notice until our own species is threatened (at least a few decades down the line).
Happy New Year to all!
1. Despite widespread lip service, there will be no significant progress toward addressing the threat of global warming.
2. While they pronounce their commitment to clean, renewable sources of energy, the oil and coal companies will do whatever they can to prevent a significant shift away from fossil fuel use.
3. Pollution will increase in our rivers, oceans and atmosphere.
4. Creationists will oppose the teaching of evolution, geology, natural history, physics, astronomy, geometry, calculus and other misguided theories in our public schools.
5. Tropical rainforests will shrink while desertification will expand; suburban sprawl and agriculture will eat up more natural habitat. More golf courses will appear in the Desert Southwest.
6. Sectarian violence will plague the Middle East and racism will persist in the U.S.
7. Gun rights advocates will agree to compromise; they will suggest placing restrictions on gun sales to children under age 10 (unless accompanied by a parent).
8. Pope Francis' compassion for women, gays and atheists will not lead to women priests, Catholic gay marriage or the dismantling of religious mysticism.
9. The average waistline will expand. Blame will be placed on food vendors, not on parents.
10. Americans will be entertained by a new cable lineup: humiliation, dysfunction and melodrama will be the primary themes of the reality programming. All advertising will be devoted to erectile dysfunction drugs and testosterone supplements.
11. Humans will stare at their cell phones, tablets and GPS units for most of the year.
12. The income gap will continue to expand in America and across the globe. Revolution will be closer.
13. Many more species will become extinct; we won't notice until our own species is threatened (at least a few decades down the line).
Happy New Year to all!
Sunday, December 29, 2013
Snowy Owl at Long Branch
As the latest Arctic front pushed through Missouri, a friend and I headed north from Columbia this morning, crossing the frigid, bleak landscape of the Glaciated Plain. We were on our way to Long Branch State Park, just northwest of Macon, where a snowy owl has taken up winter residence.
Not finding the owl along the rocky slope of the dam wall, where reports indicated it had been seen, we continued northward along the west side of the reservoir, stopping to explore a jetty that extends into the lake. As we endured the cold wind to observe a variety of winter sparrows and juncos, we caught sight of the snowy owl, perched on the metal roof of a fishing deck and oblivious to the brutal weather. Eventually disturbed by our approach, it flew off and landed on the frozen lake where a couple of crows stopped by to express their displeasure.
Before we headed back to the comfort of my pickup, the juvenile owl took off once again, heading for a rocky shore to our south. Only a small patch of the reservoir remained open this morning, harboring a mix of Canada geese, ring-billed gulls and various ducks; one wonders how this young visitor will fare in the coming months and whether it will move further south to find sufficient prey. To have observed the snowy owl at an area that had the look and feel of its Arctic homeland was especially rewarding and gave us even more respect for the hardiness of this beautiful northern raptor.
Not finding the owl along the rocky slope of the dam wall, where reports indicated it had been seen, we continued northward along the west side of the reservoir, stopping to explore a jetty that extends into the lake. As we endured the cold wind to observe a variety of winter sparrows and juncos, we caught sight of the snowy owl, perched on the metal roof of a fishing deck and oblivious to the brutal weather. Eventually disturbed by our approach, it flew off and landed on the frozen lake where a couple of crows stopped by to express their displeasure.
Before we headed back to the comfort of my pickup, the juvenile owl took off once again, heading for a rocky shore to our south. Only a small patch of the reservoir remained open this morning, harboring a mix of Canada geese, ring-billed gulls and various ducks; one wonders how this young visitor will fare in the coming months and whether it will move further south to find sufficient prey. To have observed the snowy owl at an area that had the look and feel of its Arctic homeland was especially rewarding and gave us even more respect for the hardiness of this beautiful northern raptor.
Saturday, December 28, 2013
The Eastern Snowy Owl Invasion
Snowy owls breed in the Arctic, where they feed primarily on lemmings. Since the lemming population tends to crash every four years or so, snowy owls generally appear across the northern half of the U.S. in those winters. During these irruptions, the owls feed on a variety of small mammals, waterfowl and sea birds.
This winter, a spectacular invasion of snowy owls is occurring in eastern North America; while concentrated in southeastern Canada, New England and the Great Lakes region, the beautiful raptors have been spotted southward, from Missouri and Arkansas to North Carolina and, of all places, Bermuda. Most of the birds are heavily marked with black feather edging, indicating that they are young birds, having fledged this past summer. This observation suggests that the invasion is primarily due to an overpopulation of snowy owls in the eastern Arctic rather than to a crash in the lemming population.
While the specific cause for this invasion is not yet certain, it has garnered a great deal of attention among birders throughout the eastern U.S. Whether global warming is beginning to have some affect on both breeding success and irruptive behavior is an intriguing consideration. Indeed, the ongoing disruption of the Arctic ecosystem will have a significant impact on more southern ecosystems as well; the opportunity to see more snowy owls does not balance the many negative effects that will come our way.
This winter, a spectacular invasion of snowy owls is occurring in eastern North America; while concentrated in southeastern Canada, New England and the Great Lakes region, the beautiful raptors have been spotted southward, from Missouri and Arkansas to North Carolina and, of all places, Bermuda. Most of the birds are heavily marked with black feather edging, indicating that they are young birds, having fledged this past summer. This observation suggests that the invasion is primarily due to an overpopulation of snowy owls in the eastern Arctic rather than to a crash in the lemming population.
While the specific cause for this invasion is not yet certain, it has garnered a great deal of attention among birders throughout the eastern U.S. Whether global warming is beginning to have some affect on both breeding success and irruptive behavior is an intriguing consideration. Indeed, the ongoing disruption of the Arctic ecosystem will have a significant impact on more southern ecosystems as well; the opportunity to see more snowy owls does not balance the many negative effects that will come our way.
Friday, December 27, 2013
Gyms and your Health
Private gyms, community recreation centers and college athletic facilities are good places to get in shape. Their assortment of exercise equipment, availability of fitness trainers and offer of socialized exercise benefit a wide variety of citizens, from children to the elderly.
On the other hand, one need not be a germaphobe to realize that these indoor facilities, like day care centers, corporate offices, airliners and mass transit vehicles, increase your exposure to a variety of seasonal viruses. Despite modern gym etiquette, which encourages hand washing and the use of antibacterial wipes on the equipment, most viruses spread via respiratory droplets, which often occurs before the individual is symptomatic.
While exercise should never be discouraged and gym use is highly preferable to watching sporting events from your couch, one might consider the advantage of outdoor activities (walking, hiking, biking, tennis, skiing, etc.) which combine aerobic exercise with fresh air; socialization might be included by joining clubs in which like-minded individuals participate in group exercise. In my opinion, the availability of high-tech equipment is an overrated advantage of recreation centers; simple exercises, combined with aerobic activity, are more than adequate to keep yourself in excellent condition. Besides, such an approach is free, can be performed outdoors and may be combined with other interests such as birding, backpacking and nature study.
On the other hand, one need not be a germaphobe to realize that these indoor facilities, like day care centers, corporate offices, airliners and mass transit vehicles, increase your exposure to a variety of seasonal viruses. Despite modern gym etiquette, which encourages hand washing and the use of antibacterial wipes on the equipment, most viruses spread via respiratory droplets, which often occurs before the individual is symptomatic.
While exercise should never be discouraged and gym use is highly preferable to watching sporting events from your couch, one might consider the advantage of outdoor activities (walking, hiking, biking, tennis, skiing, etc.) which combine aerobic exercise with fresh air; socialization might be included by joining clubs in which like-minded individuals participate in group exercise. In my opinion, the availability of high-tech equipment is an overrated advantage of recreation centers; simple exercises, combined with aerobic activity, are more than adequate to keep yourself in excellent condition. Besides, such an approach is free, can be performed outdoors and may be combined with other interests such as birding, backpacking and nature study.
Thursday, December 26, 2013
December Thaw
Five days after the winter solstice and following two weeks of frigid weather, a December thaw has developed in central Missouri. A southerly wind, courtesy of high pressure over the Southern Plains, is sweeping warm air into the Heartland, melting our glaze of ice and pushing afternoon highs near fifty degrees F.
In concert, the jet stream has moved northward, temporarily blocking further reinforcements of Canadian air. For a few days, we'll enjoy this winter respite, completing chores that were put on hold while Arctic air gripped the region. Outdoor recreation has also regained favor and a host of walkers, bikers, joggers and hikers have taken to the trails and roadways.
Indeed, pampered humans now rejoin the wildlife that, by necessity, remained active during the recent Arctic invasion. In our eyes, they seem to relish the mild conditions as much as we do; in fact, while their physiologic stress is surely reduced, these wild creatures are governed by instinct and have no ability to ponder the change in weather. In that respect they are less stressed than many humans who cannot fully enjoy this December thaw without worrying about the winter storms to come.
In concert, the jet stream has moved northward, temporarily blocking further reinforcements of Canadian air. For a few days, we'll enjoy this winter respite, completing chores that were put on hold while Arctic air gripped the region. Outdoor recreation has also regained favor and a host of walkers, bikers, joggers and hikers have taken to the trails and roadways.
Indeed, pampered humans now rejoin the wildlife that, by necessity, remained active during the recent Arctic invasion. In our eyes, they seem to relish the mild conditions as much as we do; in fact, while their physiologic stress is surely reduced, these wild creatures are governed by instinct and have no ability to ponder the change in weather. In that respect they are less stressed than many humans who cannot fully enjoy this December thaw without worrying about the winter storms to come.
Wednesday, December 25, 2013
The Conflicted Holiday
Christmas is surely the most conflicted holiday in Western human culture. Though based on religious faith, it has become heavily commercialized and is now vital to the health of our economies. More private and public institutions are closed on Christmas than on any other holiday yet it falls on an arbitrary date, having no direct relationship to the astronomical calendar and not coinciding with a documented historical event.
Religious persons focus on the story of Christmas but give in to the commercialism that now smothers their holy day while nonbelievers, caught up in the wave of celebration and gift giving, reluctantly accept the religious aspects of the season; in particular, religious Christmas music is condoned if not enjoyed by these secular-minded citizens. Of course, many tepid believers even find their way to church services on this religious-cultural holiday.
And, when it comes to the secular Christmas mythology that we instill in our children, many experience the conflict of cultural tradition and personal guilt, knowing that the innocents will soon outgrow the delusion but wondering if distrust is forever imbedded in their souls. Indeed, this is the only facet of the holiday in which the religious and secular stories of Christmas seem to merge.
Religious persons focus on the story of Christmas but give in to the commercialism that now smothers their holy day while nonbelievers, caught up in the wave of celebration and gift giving, reluctantly accept the religious aspects of the season; in particular, religious Christmas music is condoned if not enjoyed by these secular-minded citizens. Of course, many tepid believers even find their way to church services on this religious-cultural holiday.
And, when it comes to the secular Christmas mythology that we instill in our children, many experience the conflict of cultural tradition and personal guilt, knowing that the innocents will soon outgrow the delusion but wondering if distrust is forever imbedded in their souls. Indeed, this is the only facet of the holiday in which the religious and secular stories of Christmas seem to merge.
Tuesday, December 24, 2013
A Glazed Christmas
Though occasional flurries arrived with our recent winter storm, central Missouri primarily received a glazed landscape for the Christmas Holiday. Freezing rain left a thin coating of ice on the trees, shrubs and grass, producing a beautiful winter scene; fortunately, the glaze is too thin to cause major tree damage and our electrical power has remained intact.
Since the overnight low dipped near zero and this afternoon's high is expected to remain in the twenties (F), little melting will occur before Christmas morning. Indeed, while periods of bright sunshine highlight the beauty of the glaze, the sun's angle is too low to produce much heat. By tomorrow, however, a wind shift will push warmer air into Missouri and the wintery spectacle will rapidly disappear.
Ice storms are beautiful but devastating events, damaging vegetation, taking down power lines and setting the stage for numerous accidents. Like many other spectacles brought to us by Mother Nature, they are both awe inspiring and, if not given their due respect, dangerous; but she is neither responsive to our admiration nor affected by the pain that her handiwork might produce. We are but actors on her stage, enjoying the scenery but always at the mercy of her fickle direction.
Since the overnight low dipped near zero and this afternoon's high is expected to remain in the twenties (F), little melting will occur before Christmas morning. Indeed, while periods of bright sunshine highlight the beauty of the glaze, the sun's angle is too low to produce much heat. By tomorrow, however, a wind shift will push warmer air into Missouri and the wintery spectacle will rapidly disappear.
Ice storms are beautiful but devastating events, damaging vegetation, taking down power lines and setting the stage for numerous accidents. Like many other spectacles brought to us by Mother Nature, they are both awe inspiring and, if not given their due respect, dangerous; but she is neither responsive to our admiration nor affected by the pain that her handiwork might produce. We are but actors on her stage, enjoying the scenery but always at the mercy of her fickle direction.
Monday, December 23, 2013
Holiday Depression
For some of us, the Holidays are "the most wonderful time of the year." For others, despite the best efforts of retailers, advertisers and media gurus, the Holidays can be a source of depression.
The Holidays are especially difficult for those who are alone, having no family members or close friends with whom to share the acclaimed joy of the Season. Others do not have the financial resources to provide holiday gifts and meals for their family; the inability to meet those expectations is a blow to their self esteem. Even those of us with close friends, family and financial security can be left with a sense of inadequacy; after weeks or months of preparation, our personal holiday experience cannot match the images displayed on television specials, in Hollywood movies or on the myriad of commercials that shower every form of media. Indeed, after much anticipation, the actual Holiday seems to zip by and, in the midst of our disappointment, our attention is directed to the next one on the calendar.
Of course, much of this holiday depression is preventable. Inviting neighbors or friends whom we know to be alone to join our holiday celebration can brighten the season for them and for our own family. Donating time, gifts or money to community assistance programs can also be rewarding. When it comes to our personal holiday letdown, we might take those commercials and specials with a grain of salt and choose to focus on the relationships that we already enjoy. After all, not everyone lives in a picture postcard neighborhood with snow covered pines, horse-drawn sleighs and angelic carolers; most of us are more likely to identify with Clark Griswold and his clan. Happy Holidays to all!
The Holidays are especially difficult for those who are alone, having no family members or close friends with whom to share the acclaimed joy of the Season. Others do not have the financial resources to provide holiday gifts and meals for their family; the inability to meet those expectations is a blow to their self esteem. Even those of us with close friends, family and financial security can be left with a sense of inadequacy; after weeks or months of preparation, our personal holiday experience cannot match the images displayed on television specials, in Hollywood movies or on the myriad of commercials that shower every form of media. Indeed, after much anticipation, the actual Holiday seems to zip by and, in the midst of our disappointment, our attention is directed to the next one on the calendar.
Of course, much of this holiday depression is preventable. Inviting neighbors or friends whom we know to be alone to join our holiday celebration can brighten the season for them and for our own family. Donating time, gifts or money to community assistance programs can also be rewarding. When it comes to our personal holiday letdown, we might take those commercials and specials with a grain of salt and choose to focus on the relationships that we already enjoy. After all, not everyone lives in a picture postcard neighborhood with snow covered pines, horse-drawn sleighs and angelic carolers; most of us are more likely to identify with Clark Griswold and his clan. Happy Holidays to all!
Sunday, December 22, 2013
Too Much Health Care
Having practiced medicine for 36 years, I know that too many individuals receive too much health care. Encouraged by drug companies to rush to their doctor or pharmacy for every symptom, however minor, patients end up on medications that they don't need and that might produce side effects.
Individuals with worrisome symptoms, especially when acute, severe or persistent, should certainly seek medical attention. However, minor aches and pains, typical cold symptoms or mild gastrointestinal problems do not warrant a doctor visit or the use of prescription medications. While evidence-based screening tests are certainly advised, regular physical exams and "shotgun" lab screens in healthy, asymptomatic individuals are generally not indicated and may turn up minor abnormalities that lead to expensive and invasive studies, the unnecessary prescription of medications and healthcare-induced complications.
Healthy adults are advised to eat a well-balanced diet, get regular aerobic exercise, avoid tobacco use or exposure, limit alcohol consumption and minimize the use of supplements and medications (unless specifically recommended by a healthcare professional). Unfortunately, parents often train their children to use medications or visit doctors for every minor symptom or injury and too many physicians, attempting to placate such individuals, offer unnecessary prescriptions. Our bodies are designed to heal themselves when minor illnesses or injuries occur; too often, excessive healthcare gets in the way.
Individuals with worrisome symptoms, especially when acute, severe or persistent, should certainly seek medical attention. However, minor aches and pains, typical cold symptoms or mild gastrointestinal problems do not warrant a doctor visit or the use of prescription medications. While evidence-based screening tests are certainly advised, regular physical exams and "shotgun" lab screens in healthy, asymptomatic individuals are generally not indicated and may turn up minor abnormalities that lead to expensive and invasive studies, the unnecessary prescription of medications and healthcare-induced complications.
Healthy adults are advised to eat a well-balanced diet, get regular aerobic exercise, avoid tobacco use or exposure, limit alcohol consumption and minimize the use of supplements and medications (unless specifically recommended by a healthcare professional). Unfortunately, parents often train their children to use medications or visit doctors for every minor symptom or injury and too many physicians, attempting to placate such individuals, offer unnecessary prescriptions. Our bodies are designed to heal themselves when minor illnesses or injuries occur; too often, excessive healthcare gets in the way.
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